Mu minsi ya vuba, isi yose iri kurangwa n’imvururu y’amakuru n’amashusho agenda asakara ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no kuzindi mbuga za internet zitandukanye. Iyo ugiye kuri TikTok, Instagram, cyangwa X (yahoze ari Twitter), uhita ubona amafoto cyangwa amavideo agaragaza ibyamamare, abayobozi, cyangwa abantu bazwi, bigaragara nk’aho ari ukuri. Ariko se, ni byose tubona biba bifite ishingiro?
Ubu ikoranabuhanga rya Artificial Intelligence (AI) ryageze ku rwego rwo hejuru ku buryo umuntu ashobora gukora ishusho cyangwa video isa neza n’iy’umuntu runaka, bigatuma benshi bibeshya ko ari ukuri. Ni muri urwo rwego hakenewe ubukangurambaga bwo kwigisha abantu kumenya gutandukanya ukuri n’ikinyoma mu byo babona kuri internet.
1. Kumenya “Deepfake”: Ikoranabuhanga rishobora guhindura ukuri
Ijambo deepfake rikomoka ku magambo abiri: deep learning (ubwenge bwimbitse bwa mudasobwa) na fake (ibihimbano). Ni uburyo AI ikoresha mu guhindura isura, ijwi cyangwa imyitwarire y’umuntu, ku buryo bigaragara nk’aho ari ukuri.
Urugero, ushobora kubona video igaragaza umuyobozi runaka avuga amagambo atigeze atangaza, cyangwa umuhanzi uzwi agaragara mu mashusho y’urukozasoni kandi nyamara atari we. Ibyo byose bikorwa n’ikoranabuhanga ryitwa Deepfake Technology.
Nubwo rimwe na rimwe rikoreshwa mu bikorwa byiza nka sinema, ubuhanzi cyangwa kwamamaza, ryifashishwa cyane n’abashaka gukwirakwiza ibinyoma cyangwa guharabika abandi.
2. Intwaro ya mbere: Gusuzuma isoko y’amakuru
Mbere yo kwemera inkuru cyangwa amashusho wabonye kuri internet, ni ingenzi gushakisha inkomoko yayo (source).
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Reba niba yavuye ku kinyamakuru kizwi, cyangwa konti yemewe (verified account).
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Niba ari ifoto, ushobora gukoresha uburyo bwa “Reverse Image Search” kuri Google: ugashyiramo ifoto, ikagufasha kumenya aho yaturutse bwa mbere.
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Iyo usanze ifoto cyangwa video yari imaze igihe ku zindi mbuga ariko ugasanga bidafitanye isano, uba ubonye ikimenyetso cy’uko byahinduwe.
Urugero, ifoto ishobora kuba yarafashwe mu gihugu kimwe imyaka ibiri ishize, ariko igashyirwa kuri internet ivugwaho nk’iyafashwe ejo hashize ahandi. Icyo gihe uba ubashije kumenya ko hari uburiganya.
3. Reba ibisobanuro biherekeza ifoto cyangwa video
Abantu benshi bareba amashusho cyangwa amafoto gusa ntibite ku bisobanuro biherekeje ibyo bareba. Nyamara hari aho amakuru y’inyongera (metadata) cyangwa ibisobanuro byanditse ku ruhande bishobora kugufasha gutahura ukuri.
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Niba byanditse nabi, bikabura amakuru y’igihe, ahantu, cyangwa uwo bireba, ushobora gutekereza ko ari ibihimbano.
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Hari kandi amafoto agaragaramo ibimenyetso bidasanzwe nk’imitwe y’abantu idahuye, amaso areba ahandi, cyangwa ibimera bitagaragara mu buryo busanzwe — ibyo byose bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya AI.
4. Kumenya uburyo AI ikora amafoto n’amavideo
AI ikora amafoto y’impimbano (AI-generated images) ikoresheje porogaramu nka Midjourney, DALL·E, cyangwa Stable Diffusion. Ayo mafoto akenshi agaragarira mu buryo bwiza cyane, ariko hari ibimenyetso bihari:
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Amaguru cyangwa amaboko agaragara mu buryo budasanzwe.
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Ibisate by’amaso cyangwa amenyo bitajyanye n’umubiri.
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Imiterere y’urumuri cyangwa ibara ridasanzwe ku isura.
Naho deepfake videos zo zishobora kugaragaza umuntu uvuga cyangwa yitwara mu buryo budahuje n’ibisanzwe, ariko niba witegereje neza, usanga ijwi risa nk’iryacitse cyangwa isura idahura neza n’amagambo avugwa.
5. Irinde gusangiza mbere yo gusuzuma
Ikosa rikomeye abantu benshi bakora ni ugutanguranwa gusangiza ibyo babonye batabanje kubisesengura. Iyo usangije inkuru y’ibinyoma, uba uri gufasha mu gukwirakwiza amakuru y’impuha, bityo bigateza urujijo.
Ni ngombwa kwigira umusomyi w’inyaryenge, ukabanza gutekereza uti: “Ni nde ubivuga? Hari ibimenyetso bifatika?”
6. Uruhare rwa buri wese mu kurwanya ibinyoma bya internet
Isi yacu iri kwinjira mu bihe bishya by’ikoranabuhanga, aho ukuri n’ibinyoma bishobora kwivanga mu buryo butoroshye kubitandukanya. Ariko icyizere gihari: umuntu wese ashobora kuba umurinzi w’ukuri, akamenya kureba, gusuzuma no gutanga amakuru yizewe.
Abashinzwe itangazamakuru, abarimu, ndetse n’ababyeyi bagomba gufasha urubyiruko gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso by’ibihimbano, kuko aribo ejo bazaba abahanga mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga.
Internet ni kimwe mu bintu byahinduye isi mu buryo bukomeye, ariko nanone ni nk’ishyamba rimeze neza rihishemo inyamaswa. Bityo, ukuri ntikujya kuba kure y’ufite ubushishozi.
Mbere yo kwemera cyangwa gusangiza ibyo ubona, jya ubanza wibaze, usuzume kandi ugenzure isoko y’amakuru — kuko muri iyi si y’ikoranabuhanga, uwemera byose ni we ubasha kumenya ukuri.
