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Belie08

Category: Ikorana

  • Ni gute leta ikoresha telephone yawe ikamenya aho uri?

    Ni gute leta ikoresha telephone yawe ikamenya aho uri?

    Hari igihe umuntu yumva inkuru igira iti: “Uwari warahunze yafatiwe mu kindi gihugu nyuma y’igihe kinini ashakishwa.” Cyangwa ukumva ngo: “Polisi yakurikiranye aho yakoreshereje telefone, iramufata.” Aha ni ho abantu benshi bahita bibaza bati: ese koko leta ibasha ite kumenya aho umuntu aherereye, n’iyo yaba ari kure cyane cyangwa yihishe neza?

    Iyi si amarozi, si n’imigani—ni ikoranabuhanga rihanitse rifasha inzego z’umutekano gukurikirana abantu bakekwaho ibyaha, ndetse n’abamaze kubikora bagahunga. Muri iyi nkuru, tugiye gusobanura neza uko bikorwa, mu buryo bworoshye buri wese yakumva.

    Telefone yawe niyo itanga amakuru menshi kurusha uko ubitekereza

    Ikintu cya mbere ugomba kumenya ni uko telefoni igendanwa ari nk’akantu kagenda gatanga amakuru igihe cyose. Iyo telefone yawe ifunguye, ihora ihuza na antene (towers) z’itumanaho ziri hafi yawe. Ibi bituma sosiyete z’itumanaho zibasha kumenya aho uri mu gace runaka.

    Iyo leta ishaka umuntu, ishobora gusaba izi sosiyete amakuru ajyanye na:

    • Aho telefone iherereye (location)
    • Igihe yaherukaga gukoreshwa
    • Nimero yahamagaye cyangwa yakiriye

    N’iyo umuntu yaba yazimije GPS, network signal yo ubwayo ishobora kumwerekana aho ari hafi.

    GPS: uburyo bw’ukuri buca ku kirere

    Hari kandi uburyo bwa GPS (Global Positioning System), bushobora kwerekana aho umuntu aherereye neza cyane, hafi kuri metero nke. Ibi bikorwa binyuze ku masatélite ari mu kirere azenguruka isi.

    Iyo telefone yawe ifite GPS ikora, ishobora gutanga amakuru nyayo y’aho uri:

    • Ku muhanda runaka
    • Mu nzu runaka
    • Ndetse rimwe na rimwe ku cyumba runaka

    Ibi ni byo bituma hari abantu bafatwa mu gihe gito cyane, cyane cyane iyo bakoresha apps zisaba location nka maps cyangwa ride apps.

    Internet n’imbuga nkoranyambaga: amakuru abantu batanga batabizi

    Abantu benshi ntibazi ko imbuga nkoranyambaga ari isoko rikomeye ry’amakuru. Iyo wohereje ifoto, video cyangwa message, hari amakuru ajyana na byo:

    • Aho byafatiwe (metadata)
    • Igihe byafatiwe
    • Igikoresho cyakoreshejwe

    Leta n’inzego z’umutekano bashobora gukurikirana ibyo bikorwa, cyane cyane mu gihe hari iperereza rikomeye. Hari n’aho umuntu ubwe yishyira hanze atabizi, nko gushyira ifoto iriho ibimenyetso by’aho aherereye.

    CCTV Cameras: amaso adasinzira

    Mu mijyi myinshi y’isi, harimo n’iyo muri Afurika igenda itera imbere, hashyizweho camera z’umutekano (CCTV). Izi camera zifata amashusho 24/7, zigafasha gukurikirana abantu n’ibikorwa byabo.

    Uyu munsi, hari aho hagezweho hakoresha:

    • Facial recognition (kumenya isura y’umuntu)
    • Plate recognition (gusoma nimero z’imodoka)

    Ibi bituma umuntu ashobora gukurikiranwa kuva ahantu hamwe kugera ahandi, atabizi.

    Amabanki n’imikoreshereze y’amafaranga

    Iyo ukoresheje amafaranga, cyane cyane kuri banki cyangwa mobile money, usiga inyuma ibimenyetso. Ibi birimo:

    • Aho transaction yakorewe
    • Igihe yakorewe
    • Konti cyangwa nimero yakoreshejwe

    Mu iperereza, ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya aho umuntu ari cyangwa aho aherutse kunyura.

    Amakosa abantu bakora atuma bafatwa vuba

    Nubwo umuntu yaba ashaka kwihisha, hari amakosa akunze kumufasha gufatwa:

    • Gukoresha telefone isanzwe imenyerewe
    • Kuvugana n’abantu bazwi
    • Kugaragara ku mbuga nkoranyambaga
    • Gukoresha konti zisanzwe

    Akenshi, si ikoranabuhanga gusa rifata umuntu, ahubwo ni imyitwarire ye imushyira hanze.

    Ese umuntu ashobora kwihisha burundu muri iki gihe?

    Mu by’ukuri, biragoye cyane. Ntabwo bivuze ko bidashoboka 100%, ariko bisaba:

    • Kutagira telefone
    • Kutagira konti z’imari
    • Kutagaragara ahari camera
    • Kutagira imikoranire n’abandi

    Ibi byose mu buzima bwa none ni ibintu bigoye cyane.

    Icya mbere, ikoranabuhanga rifite imbaraga nyinshi kurusha uko tubitekereza. Rishobora gufasha mu kurinda umutekano, ariko rinasaba ko abantu baryitondera.

    Icya kabiri, nta kintu gihishika burundu muri iki gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga. Ibyo ukora, aho ujya, n’abo uvugana bishobora gusiga ibimenyetso.

    Uko imyaka igenda ishira, ni ko uburyo bwo gukurikirana abantu bugenda burushaho gutera imbere. Ibi bituma inzego z’umutekano zibasha gukora akazi kazo neza, ariko na none bikibutsa abantu bose ko isi y’ubu ishingiye ku makuru.

    Ikibazo gisigaye kuri buri wese ni iki: Ese uko dukoresha ikoranabuhanga turabizi neza, cyangwa natwe turi mu batanga amakuru yabo batabizi?

  • Ese App ya BitChat ikora ite idakoresheje internet? Uko ikoresha Bluetooth mu kuvugana n’abandi

    Ese App ya BitChat ikora ite idakoresheje internet? Uko ikoresha Bluetooth mu kuvugana n’abandi

    Mu isi ya none, biragoye gutekereza itumanaho ritagendeye kuri internet. Kugira ngo wohereze ubutumwa, uhamagare, cyangwa usangire amakuru, internet yabaye nk’umuyoboro w’ingenzi uhuza abantu bose. Ariko se byagenda bite iyo internet ibuze, ikadindira, cyangwa igahenda cyane ku buryo abantu benshi batayibonamo? Iki kibazo ni cyo cyatumye havuka ikoranabuhanga rishya riri gutuma abantu bibaza byinshi: BitChat, application ivugwa cyane kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuvugana no koherezanya ubutumwa idakoresheje internet, ahubwo igakoresha Bluetooth, Wi-Fi Direct n’urusobe rwa mesh.

    BitChat si app isanzwe yo kuganira nk’izo tumenyereye. Ahubwo ni igitekerezo gishya cyerekana ko telefoni zacu ubwazo zishobora kuba umuyoboro w’itumanaho, zidaciye ku miyoboro minini ya internet. Ibi bituma abantu benshi, cyane cyane abo muri Afurika, batangira kwibaza niba koko internet igomba kuba inzira imwe rukumbi yo kuvugana.

    BitChat ni iki, kandi itandukanye ite n’izindi app?

    BitChat ni application y’itumanaho yubakiye ku ihame rya peer-to-peer communication, bivuze ko telefoni z’abantu zivugana mu buryo butaziguye. Mu gihe WhatsApp, Messenger cyangwa Telegram bisaba server ziri kure ndetse na internet ihoraho, BitChat yo ituma telefoni yawe ivugana n’indi telefoni iri hafi yawe, nta guca ku wundi muyoboro wo hanze.

    Ibi bituma BitChat idakenera bundles, SIM card ifite data, cyangwa Wi-Fi ihujwe kuri internet. Icy’ingenzi ni uko telefone yawe ishobora gukoresha imiyoboro yayo isanzwe irimo, cyane cyane Bluetooth na Wi-Fi Direct.

    Ikoranabuhanga BitChat ikoresha mu by’ukuri

    Ikoranabuhanga rya BitChat rishingiye ku bintu bitatu by’ingenzi. Icya mbere ni Bluetooth, ishobora guhuza telefoni ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi ziri hafi, zigahana amakuru ku ntera ngufi. Icya kabiri ni Wi-Fi Direct, ituma telefoni zihuzwa mu buryo bwa Wi-Fi ariko nta router cyangwa internet bisabwe. Icya gatatu ni mesh networking, ari bwo buryo butuma ubutumwa bushobora kunyura ku bantu benshi bugera ku wo bugenewe.

    Mu buryo bworoshye, iyo ufunguye BitChat, telefoni yawe ihinduka nk’akabumbe k’urusobe. Iyo hari indi telefoni iri hafi yawe ifite BitChat, zombi zirahuza. Niba hari n’izindi telefoni ziri kure gato ariko na zo zifite BitChat, ubutumwa bushobora kunyura kuri telefoni imwe bukagera ku yindi. Ibi ni byo bituma BitChat ishobora gukora n’iyo intera ari nini ugereranyije na Bluetooth isanzwe.

    Kuki BitChat ishobora gukora nta internet?

    Impamvu nyamukuru BitChat ikora nta internet ni uko idakoresha server zo hanze. Nta makuru ajya kuri Google, Meta cyangwa indi sosiyete nini. Ahubwo, amakuru aguma hagati y’abantu bari hafi.

    Internet isanzwe ikora nk’ikiraro gihuza abantu bari kure cyane. BitChat yo igakoresha abantu ubwabo nk’ikiraro. Ibi bituma mu gihe internet yahagaze burundu, abantu bafite BitChat bakomeza kuvugana igihe cyose bari mu gace kamwe cyangwa hari abandi babahuza hagati.

    Ni ryari BitChat ikoreshwa neza kurushaho?

    BitChat ikora neza cyane mu hantu hari abantu benshi bayikoresha. Urugero ni mu nama, mu birori, mu mashuri, mu nkambi, mu ngendo ndende, cyangwa mu bice byibasiwe n’ibiza aho internet ishobora kuba yarasenyutse. Ikoreshwa kandi mu bihugu aho internet ihenze, bigatuma abantu bashaka ubundi buryo bwo kuvugana.

    Ariko ni ngombwa kumva ko BitChat itari igisimbura WhatsApp mu kuvugana n’umuntu uri ku wundi mugabane w’isi. Ni app igenewe itumanaho ryo hafi, rishingiye ku hantu abantu bari.

    Umutekano w’amakuru muri BitChat

    Kubera ko BitChat idakoresha server zo hanze, hari ababona ko ishobora kurushaho kurinda ubwisanzure bw’abayikoresha. Ariko na none, umutekano w’amakuru ugomba gushingira ku buryo app ikoresha encryption ikomeye, kugira ngo ubutumwa butafatwa n’abandi mu gihe buri kunyura mu zindi telefoni.

    Ibi ni kimwe mu bintu BitChat igomba gukomeza kunoza uko igenda ikura, kugira ngo yizere abakoresha bayo.

    BitChat n’isomo itanga ku Banyafurika

    Ku Banyafurika, BitChat ni urugero rw’uko ikoranabuhanga rishobora gutekerezwa rishingiye ku by’ukuri tubamo. Aho guhora dutegereza internet ihenze kandi idahoraho, BitChat yerekana ko hari ibisubizo bishobora gushingira ku byo dufite hafi yacu.

    Ni isomo rikomeye ku rubyiruko n’abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga: si buri gisubizo kigomba gushingira ku miyoboro ikomeye yo hanze, hari n’ibishobora kubakirwa imbere mu baturage ubwabo.

  • Uko Koreya ya Ruguru Yiba Amamiliyari y’Amadolari ikoresheje Crypto, mu gihe abaturage bayo badafite Internet

    Uko Koreya ya Ruguru Yiba Amamiliyari y’Amadolari ikoresheje Crypto, mu gihe abaturage bayo badafite Internet

    Iyo wumvise ko Koreya ya Ruguru yibye miliyari z’amadolari ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga, ushobora kwibaza uti: “Bikorwa bite mu gihugu abaturage bacyo badafite internet, telefone zigezweho cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rihambaye?” Nyamara, mu by’ukuri, ni imwe mu nkuru zigaragaza ko isi y’ikoranabuhanga itagendera ku byo tubona ku mugaragaro gusa, ahubwo igenderwamo n’ibikorwa byihishe, bifite igenamigambi rikomeye.

    Mu myaka ya vuba, raporo zitandukanye z’ibigo mpuzamahanga by’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga zagaragaje ko Koreya ya Ruguru imaze kwiba amafaranga arenga miliyari 3 z’amadolari binyuze muri crypto, cyane cyane ikoresheje amatsinda y’abajura b’ikoranabuhanga azwi nka Lazarus Group. Aya mafaranga akomeje kuba isoko ikomeye y’igihugu gifite ibihano bikakaye by’ubukungu, bigatuma kitabasha kubona amadovize mu buryo busanzwe.

    Ikintu cya mbere abantu bagomba gusobanukirwa ni uko abiba ayo mafaranga atari abaturage basanzwe. Ni itsinda rito cyane ry’abantu batoranyijwe, barimo impuguke mu ikoranabuhanga, bamenyerejwe mu mashuri ya gisirikare n’ay’ubutasi, kandi bakorera mu nzego za Leta. Aba bantu bafite uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha internet mpuzamahanga, bakorera hanze y’igihugu cyangwa bakoresheje imiyoboro yihariye Leta yabashyiriyeho.

    Uburyo bakoresha mu kwiba crypto burimo kwinjirira mu bigega by’amafaranga (crypto exchanges), gushyiramo virusi muri mudasobwa z’abantu, cyangwa kwohereza emails z’uburiganya (phishing) zibeshya abantu ko bakorana n’ibigo byemewe. Iyo umuntu akanda link mbi cyangwa agashyiramo amakuru ye y’ibanga, ayo matsinda ahita agenzura konti ze, agakuramo crypto yose iriho.

    Hari n’ubundi buryo bukomeye bakoresha, bwo kwinjirira mu mishinga ya blockchain itaraba ikomeye, cyane cyane imishinga mishya ya DeFi. Iyo babonye icyuho mu mutekano w’iyo system, barayinjiramo bagakuramo amafaranga mu masegonda make, rimwe na rimwe amafaranga angana na miliyoni cyangwa miliyari z’amadolari mu gikorwa kimwe.

    Ikibazo gikomeye ni ukuntu ayo mafaranga atwarwa adashobora gukurikiranwa byoroshye. Koreya ya Ruguru ikoresha uburyo bwitwa money laundering ya crypto, aho ayo mafaranga aca mu nzira nyinshi za wallets zitandukanye, agacishwa mu byitwa mixers, hanyuma agahindurwa mu yandi mafaranga cyangwa mu bintu bifatika nk’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare. Ibi bituma bigorana cyane kumenya aho ayo mafaranga yagiye n’uwagize uruhare mu kuyiba.

    Abasesenguzi bemeza ko ayo mafaranga atajya mu mibereho y’abaturage, ahubwo akoreshwa mu guteza imbere intwaro za missile, intwaro za nucléaire, n’ibikorwa bya gisirikare. Ni ukuvuga ko cybercrime ihindutse kimwe mu bikoresho bya politiki y’igihugu, aho ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa nk’intwaro y’ubukungu n’umutekano.

    Ikindi gitangaje ni uko nubwo abaturage basanzwe ba Koreya ya Ruguru badafite internet, Leta yo ifite internet yuzuye. Hari imiyoboro yihariye ikoreshwa n’inzego za gisirikare n’ubutasi, ihuzwa n’isi yose. Ibi byerekana itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’ubuzima abaturage babamo n’uburyo ubutegetsi bukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu nyungu zabwo.

    Iyi nkuru itanga isomo rikomeye ku isi yose: ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuba igikoresho cy’iterambere, ariko rikanahinduka intwaro y’ubujura n’ihungabana ry’umutekano. N’igihugu gisa n’icyitandukanyije n’isi gishobora gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kurusha ibihugu bifite internet ku rwego rwo hejuru, bitewe n’uko giteguye, gifite igenamigambi n’abahanga babihuguriwe.

    Ku bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere, iyi nkuru ni umuburo ukomeye. Uko isi igenda yinjira mu bukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga n’amafaranga ya digitale, ni ko hakenewe kongera umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga, kwigisha abaturage uburyo bwo kwirinda uburiganya, no gufata ibyemezo bikomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

  • Kuki Donald Trump ari gusaba abajya muri America kujya batanga konti za social media? Ese bizakorwa gute?

    Kuki Donald Trump ari gusaba abajya muri America kujya batanga konti za social media? Ese bizakorwa gute?

    Mu minsi ishize Perezida Donald Trump yongeye gutangaza politiki ikomeye yo gukaza umutekano w’abinjira n’abasohoka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Mu mabwiriza mashya yatangajwe, Perezida Trump yasabye ko abagenzi baturuka mu bihugu byashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’ibyago bazajya basabwa gutanga amazina yabo ya social media—Facebook, X (Twitter), Instagram, TikTok n’izindi konti zose bakoresha.

    Iki cyemezo cyahise kibyutsa impaka zikomeye ku isi hose: bamwe bakibona nk uburyo bwo kongera umutekano, abandi bakakibona nk igikoresho cyo guca no kugenzura ubuzima bw’abaturage no kubangamira ubwisanzure bwabo.

    None se ni iki cyabiteye? Ese bizakorana gute? Ese hari ingaruka ku banyafurika ndetse no ku baturuka mu bihugu Trump avugamo?

    Impamvu Trump avuga ko yongereye ubu buryo bushya

    Mu magambo ye, Trump yavuze ko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko abinjira muri USA banyuze mu nzira zisanzwe batagenzuwe bihagije, cyane cyane abaturuka mu bihugu yita “countries of concern.” Yavuze ko social media ari imwe mu nzira zoroshye zikoreshwa n’abakora ibikorwa by’ubugizi-bwanabi cyangwa abarya amafaranga y’imisoro binjira mu gihugu batavugisha ukuri.

    Abashinzwe umutekano muri USA nabo bavuze ko konti za social media zishobora kugaragaza byinshi ku muntu kurusha inyandiko ashyira kuri passport:

    • uko atekereza,

    • abo avugana nabo,

    • ibyo yandika,

    • ndetse n’amarangamutima agaragaza imiterere ye.

    Ibi byose ni byo Trump avuga ko bikeneye gukoreshwa mu kugenzura neza mbere yo gutanga visa cyangwa kwinjiza umuntu mu gihugu.

    Ese bizakorana gute?

    Uburyo bushya buratuma abajura, abimukira badafite ibyangombwa bihagije cyangwa abashobora guteza umutekano muke batoroherezwa kwinjira. Ariko na none hari impungenge hagati ya za ambasade, abagenzuzi n’abahanga mu mategeko ku buryo bizashyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo burinda uburenganzira bw’abantu.

    Muri make, uburyo bushya buzaba bugizwe n’ibi:

    1. Umugenzi asabwa kwandika konti zose akoresha

    Ni ngombwa ko umuntu atanga amazina yose ya social media uko akoresha — ndetse n’izo yigeze gukoresha mbere.

    2. Abagenzuzi ba USA bazakoresha software zikora ‘social media screening’

    Izi software zizajya zishakisha: amashusho, amagambo, comments, ibitekerezo, imbuga umuntu akurikira n’abandi bakurikirana we.

    3. Ibyagaragara byose birahuzwa n’ingendo z’uwo muntu

    Iyo bagize ibyo babona bishidikanywaho nko:

    • amagambo akangurira urugomo,

    • amagambo y’urwango,

    • gukurikira imbuga zishidikanywaho,

    • cyangwa kwerekana ko umuntu avuga ibinyuranye n’amakuru yatanzwe,

    bishobora gutuma dosiye itinda cyangwa ikangwa burundu.

    4. Abadatanga konti zabo bazafatwa nk’abashaka guhisha ukuri

    Trump yavuze ko “guhisha social media ari kimwe no guhisha amateka yawe.” Ibi bivuze ko umuntu utazabasha gutanga social media ze ashobora gufatwa nk’ubeshya.

    Ni iki bishatse kuvuga ku baturage b’amahanga, cyane cyane abaturuka muri Afurika?

    Amwe mu mahanga ari mu byibanze by’iyi gahunda mashya arimo Sudan, Somalia, Libya, Eritrea, Togo, Chad, Burundi, Congo-Brazzaville, na Sierra Leone. Abaturuka muri ibi bihugu bari mu cyiciro Trump yise “high risk.”

    Ibi bisobanuye ko:

    • Visa zabo zizajya zigenzurwa cyane kurusha iz’abandi,

    • Ibyo bandika kuri social media bishobora gukoreshwa mu gufata umwanzuro,

    • Abantu bafite ibitekerezo bikaze, amagambo y’amacakubiri cyangwa comment zibanziriza kureka ubupfura bashobora kwangwa.

    Hari n’impungenge ko abantu bazajya banengwa n’amagambo bandika batari bo bayanditse, cyane cyane muri social media aho hari kwifashishwa konti z’impimbano.

    Ese iyi gahunda ifite izihe ngaruka ku buzima bw’abantu?

    1. Ikibazo cy’ubwirinzi bw’amabanga y’abantu

    Abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga bavuga ko USA ishobora guhata abantu gutanga amakuru yabo yihariye kurusha uko byigeze kubaho. Ibi bishobora kubangamira uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bwo kugira ubuzima bwite.

    2. ‘Self-censorship’: abantu bazatangira kwikanga ibyo bandika

    Abantu benshi bashobora gutangira:

    • gusiba posts,

    • kuba maso uko bandika,

    • kwirinda gusangiza ibitekerezo bya politiki cyangwa religiye.

    Ibi bishobora kugabanya ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo ku rubyiruko rw’isi.

    3. Ibyago byo kwitiranya no guhohoterwa

    Hari aho software zishobora kumenya nabi amakuru, zigafata amagambo asanzwe nk’inkurikizi mbi, bityo umuntu akabihomberamo.

    4. Bizatuma ingendo zijya muri USA zikomera

    Abantu benshi bakora ingendo z’akazi, amashuri, ubucuruzi cyangwa gusura imiryango bashobora guhura n’imbogamizi kuko dosiye zabo zizajya zigenzurwa igihe kirekire.

    Trump arimo kubaka Amerika y’umutekano mwinshi—ariko ibibazo ni byinshi kurusha ibisubizo

    Mu by’ukuri, gahunda yo gusaba social media handles izana ibyiza n’ibibi. Trump avuga ko igamije gukaza umutekano no kurinda igihugu kwinjiramo abantu bafite imyitwarire cyangwa amateka ashobora guteza ibyago. Ariko abahanga benshi bavuga ko atari uburyo bwizewe, ko bushobora gutuma abantu bahohoterwa cyangwa hakagaragara itonesha rishingiye ku bihugu n’aho umuntu akomoka.

    Icyo umuntu akwiye kuzirikana ni uko social media imaze kuba igikoresho gikomeye kigenzura, gicunga, cyangwa gicatira umuntu kubyo yanditse mu bihe bitandukanye. Iki gihe, amagambo umuntu yandika kuri internet ashobora kumufungira amarembo y’ahantu akeneye kujya.

    Mu gihe politiki za Trump zikomeje gukaza umurego, abagenzi benshi bari mu bihugu byamaze gushyirwa mu cyiciro cy’”ibyago byinshi” bagomba kuba maso, bagasuzuma ibyo bandika ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, kandi bakamenya ko byose bishobora gukoreshwa mu byemezo by’ingendo zabo.

  • Amerika: Green Card Zahawe Abaturage b’Ibihugu 19 Zigiye Gusubirwamo

    Amerika: Green Card Zahawe Abaturage b’Ibihugu 19 Zigiye Gusubirwamo

    Mu cyemezo gitunguranye, Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Donald J. Trump, yatangaje ko Green Card zahawe abaturage baturuka mu bihugu 19 yise “ibihugu by’ikibazo” zizagenzurwa ku buryo bwihuse kandi bwimbitse. Icyemezo cyaje nyuma y’igitero cyabaye mu mujyi wa Washington DC, aho umwe mu basirikare ba National Guard yishwe n’umuntu wari ufite ubwenegihugu bw’ahandi ariko wakiriye Green Card mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Biden. Ubu buryo bushya bwo gusuzuma Green Card bwashyizweho hagamijwe guha umutekano w’Abanyamerika agaciro kurusha byose, ariko bushobora kugira ingaruka ku baturage benshi ku migabane itandukanye, cyane cyane muri Afurika.

    Mu bihugu 19 byavuzweho, harimo 10 byo ku mugabane wa Afurika: Burundi, Chad, Congo-Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Libya, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, na Togo. Ku baturage b’ibi bihugu, iki cyemezo gishobora gutuma dosiye zabo zifunze, zitinze cyangwa zisubitswe, hatitawe ku myitwarire yabo cyangwa ubushobozi bwabo.

    How to Read a Green Card | CitizenPath

    Green Card, cyangwa uburenganzira bwo gutura no gukora muri Amerika, isuzumwa ku giti cy’umuntu ku bw’impamvu zirimo:

    • Amateka ye n’imyitwarire

    • Ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bwo gukora

    • Imiterere y’ubuzima bwe

    Ariko, icyemezo cya Trump gihindura uburyo dosiye zisuzumwa, kuko “negative, country-specific factors” bishobora gutuma dosiye zitinze cyangwa zihanwa kubera igihugu cy’uwasabye gusa. Ubu buryo bushya bushyira igihugu mu gatebo kamwe aho kureba umuntu ku giti cye.

    Ibi bivuze ko abashaka Green Card bashobora kugira impungenge z’igihe cyose, kandi n’uwari wamaze kwemererwa ashobora kubona dosiye ye isubirwamo bitewe n’ibyemezo bishya bya politiki.

    Nubwo u Rwanda rutagaragara ku rutonde rw’ibihugu byashyizwe mu byigwa, impinduka nk’izi zigira ingaruka ku rubyiruko, impuguke mu bya tekinoloji, abashaka amahirwe y’ubumenyi cyangwa ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi muri Amerika. Abaturage baturutse mu bihugu byashyizwe ku rutonde, nubwo batagize uruhare mu bibazo bya politiki cyangwa iby’umutekano, bashobora gusanga amahirwe yabo ahagaritswe.

    Afurika yose iribazwa ku buryo ibihugu byayo bigaragara mu maso y’amahanga: gushyirwa ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bifite ibibazo bishobora gutuma abaturage bahura n’ingorane, naho ibindi bihugu bikabona amahirwe yo gukomeza ishoramari n’ubwimukira.

    Politiki y’Umutekano vs Uburenganzira bw’Umuntu

    Amerika ifite amateka yo gukumira ibyago by’umutekano mu bijyanye n’ubuhunzi n’ubwimukira. Ariko iki cyemezo kirimo gushishikaza abasesenguzi bemeza ko gushyira ibihugu byose mu gatebo kamwe bishobora kubangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ntiburi wese uvuka mu bihugu byavuzweho ari ikibazo, ariko politiki y’igihugu cye ishobora kumukomereza inzira.

    Ibi byerekana ukuntu politiki mpuzamahanga ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho y’abantu ku giti cyabo, nubwo abashyirwaho amategeko batekereza ku mutekano rusange.

    Iki cyemezo gishobora gutuma ibindi bihugu bifata ingamba nk’izo, gushyira umutekano imbere y’uburenganzira bw’abantu. Isi yose yitegereje uburyo Amerika izashyira mu bikorwa icyemezo, n’ingaruka zacyo ku banyamahanga.

    • Abasaba Green Card bashobora gusanga igihe cyateganyijwe cy’amezi cyangwa imyaka gihinduka igihe kitazwi

    • Abavuka mu bihugu bifatwa nk’“ibifite ibibazo” bashobora gusanga politiki y’igihugu cyabo ari yo ibahagarika, atari imitekerereze yabo cyangwa imyitwarire yabo

    Ibi bitanga isomo rikomeye: umutekano w’igihugu ushobora gushimangirwa, ariko hakenewe uburyo butabangamiye uburenganzira bw’abantu ku giti cyabo.

  • “Uko ubuzima bwa IT buba bumeze koko: amajoro, umutwe n’akazi abantu batabona”

    “Uko ubuzima bwa IT buba bumeze koko: amajoro, umutwe n’akazi abantu batabona”

    Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abantu benshi bibwira ko umukozi wa IT ari wa muntu uba imbere ya mudasobwa yicaye, areba code cyangwa ataha bwije. Ariko iyo uganiriye n’umuntu ukora muri uru rwego, ubona ko ibintu bihabanye kure n’ibyo abantu batekereza. Ubuzima bwabo buba buringaniye n’aho wenda umusirikare cyangwa umukozi wo kwa muganga ahura n’ibibazo byinshi bitunguranye. Kugira ngo sisitemu zikore, website zigumeho, telefone zisubire ku murongo, amakuru idatakara cyangwa business ikomeze gukora—hari umusore cyangwa umukobwa wa IT uba ahanganye n’ibibazo byinshi abantu batajya babona.

    Abantu benshi babona gusa igisubizo, ariko ntibabona urugendo rurerure rw’ubuzima bw’aba bantu. Bumva ko ibyo bakora ari “udushya tworoshye twe bavuga ngo ni IT”, bakibagirwa ko hari ibihe byinshi batabona iyo ibintu byacitse ku buryo butunguranye.

    Amajoro y’amarira no kurwana n’ibibazo bidashira

    Hari amajoro menshi umukozi wa IT arara adasinzira kubera ikibazo cyadutse mu gihe abandi baryamye. Ikoranabuhanga ntiryubahiriza amasaha y’akazi: rishobora guhagarara saa tanu z’ijoro, saa munani z’amanywa cyangwa ku cyumweru mu masaha abantu bari mu miryango yabo. Uwo niwo mwihariko w’uyu mwuga: nta kiruhuko gifatika kenshi, nta “weekend” ihoraho, nta minsi mikuru kuri bo.

    Iyo website y’ikigo ihagaze, email zidakora, server yagize ikibazo cyangwa network itakiri gukora, abantu ntibatekereza byinshi—bahamagara umukozi wa IT ngo “muduhe igisubizo vuba.” Ku ruhande rwabo ni ibisanzwe. Ku ruhande rw’umu IT ni urugamba rwo guhangana n’ikibazo arwana nuko gukemuka mu minota mike, bitabaye ibyo business yose irahagarara.

    Hari ubwo umubwira umuntu uti: “Turi kubikora, tugiye kubikemura,” ariko kuko adasobanukiwe, yumva ko ari ibintu byoroshye. Iyo bidakemutse ako kanya, ni wowe ushobora kubazwa, ukitwa umuntu utazi akazi, nyamara uri kurwana n’ibikorwa byakuzengurutseho birenga ubushobozi bwawe bwihuse.

    Kudasobanukirwa kw’abantu: ikibazo gikomerera abakozi ba IT

    Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, umukozi wa IT ahura n’icyo twakwita “umuvumo wo kuba uboneka”. Ni ukuvuga ko buri wese yumva ko wowe ari wowe ukwiye kuba uhari igihe cyose, uko ikibazo cyose gisa. Ni wowe uhinduka umuntu woherezwaho ubu n’ubu: telefone ntiyandikaho? IT. Printer ntiyakira? IT. Password yibagiranye? IT. Website igenda buhoro? IT. Ndetse hari n’ubwo abakiriya cyangwa abo mukorana bakwita umuntu utagira akazi, ntibamenye ko mbere yo gutanga igisubizo utangira n’isesengura ridashobora gukorwa n’undi muntu uwo ari we wese.

    Abantu benshi bemera ko umuganga ashobora gutinda, ko umukanishi ashobora gutwara isaha, ko umwalimu ashobora gutegura amasomo, ariko kuri IT ho umuntu wese yifuza igisubizo ako kanya. Ibi bituma bamwe bahangayika, bakabaho mu buzima butagira ituze kuko bamenyereye ko telefone ishobora guhamagarwa “kubera ikibazo gitoya,” ndetse rimwe na rimwe ari ibintu umuntu ubwe yakemura iyo yihanganye akagerezaho.

    Uko akazi ka IT gasaba ubuhanga, ubushishozi n’ubwitange

    Abantu bahora bibaza uko abakozi ba IT bakora akazi katagaragara, nyamara igisubizo ni kimwe: basaba ibitekerezo byagutse, kwihangana, ubushishozi no kumenya guhangana n’ibibazo bitunguranye. Iyo hari ikibazo, ntabwo bagikemura mu kajisho, hari uburyo bushingiye ku mitekerereze, ku bumenyi no ku gusobanukirwa neza uburyo sisitemu ikora mu buryo bwagutse.

    N’igihe abantu bose batandukanye bahanze amaso kuri bo, usanga IT afata umwuka, agakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibintu bisubire ku murongo—kandi byose abikora nta muntu ubimushimira bihagije, ahubwo ahabwa ishimwe gusa iyo ibintu byifashe nabi.

    Uru ni urwibutso ko umuntu ukora muri IT akwiye kubahwa, agasobanukirwa ko ari mu bantu bagize umusingi w’ibikorwa byose by’iki gihe. Niba ubona ko website yawe ikora neza, email zigera neza, business igakomeza gukora, amakuru yawe akabikwa neza—ntibibaho ku bw’impanuka. Hari umuntu wicaranye n’umutwaro w’ibibazo byawe, akabikemura rimwe na rimwe atanigeze aryama.

    Niyo mpamvu, igihe utangajwe n’uko “IT yatinze”, jya ubanza wibaze uko byari bimeze iyo uwo muntu adahari. Hari igihe wenda abakozi bo mu yindi mirimo bagira ibihe byo guhumeka, ariko IT yo ibaho mu buzima bwo kuba maso igihe cyose. Kugira ngo isi yacu ikomeze gukora nk’uko tuyibona, abakozi ba IT ni inkingi umuntu atamenya gutandukanya, keretse igihe badahari.

  • Niba AI ikomeje gutera imbere gutya, umuntu azahungira he?

    Niba AI ikomeje gutera imbere gutya, umuntu azahungira he?

    Mu minsi ya vuba, abantu bari kwibaza byinshi ku mibereho y’ejo hazaza. Hari abavuga bati: “Ubu se tuzabaho dute igihe AI izaba imaze gukora ibintu byose, uhereye ku kwandika kugeza no ku guteka?”

    Aho unyuze hose, hari ubumenyi bumwe abantu basa n’abahuriyeho: AI irihuta, kandi izagenda ikora byinshi abantu bari basanzwe bakora. Ibyo byatumye hari n’abatangiye kubaza ikibazo giteye ubwoba gake: Niba AI ikomeje gutera imbere gutya, umuntu azahungira he?

    1. Guhungira mu cyaro? Birashoboka ko AI izahagera mbere

    Hari abatekereza bati:
    “Mu gihe robot zizaba ziri hose, njye nzajya mu cyaro, aho ubuzima butuje, nta robot ihari.”

    Ariko byaba ari ukwibeshya. Ndetse hari n’abatuye mu byaro batangiye gukoresha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga burenze ubw’abatuye mu mijyi. Uzasanga umuntu ufite telefone isanzwe ya 3G abasha gukoresha porogaramu zishingiye kuri AI kuko yigishijwe uko abyaza umusaruro ubushobozi buke afite.

    Birumvikana, nta kintu cy’ukuri cyatuma umuntu yizera ko AI itazagera mu giturage, cyane ko ari ho ikoranabuhanga rimwe na rimwe rigeragerezwa mbere yo no gukoreshwa mu mijyi.

    2. Guhungira mu misozi no mu mashyamba? Biba bigoranye

    Hari undi watekereza ko impanuka z’ikoranabuhanga zishobora gutuma abantu bahungira kure y’ahantu hari umuriro w’amashanyarazi. Ariko ubimenye ko mu misozi minini ku isi, hari drone zishobora kugenda zifotora ishyamba, zikanagenzura ibinyabuzima mu buryo bwikora.

    Mu yandi magambo, ahantu tuzi nk’ahari “umutuzo wa kera” hashobora kuba ahandi AI yabashije kugera mbere y’abantu.
    Ni na ho wahungira, robot ikagusanganira ikubwira uko imvura izagwa nimugoroba!

    3. Guhungira mu mirimo AI idashobora gukora? Naho hari ikibazo

    Ubwenge bwa muntu bwari bwarizihiwe no kumva ko hari imirimo AI itazigera ibasha gukora. Ariko uko ibihe bigenda bihita, tuba tureba robot zishobora:

    • Guteka neza kurusha bamwe muri twe,

    • Gutwara imodoka mu buryo butekanye,

    • Gufasha mu buvuzi bitoroshye,

    • No gukora akazi k’isuku mu nzu mu gihe gito cyane.

    Hari ibintu byinshi twatekerezaga ko bidashoboka, ariko umunsi ku munsi turimo tubibona. Niyo mpamvu kwibwira ngo hari imirimo AI itazigera ikora bishobora kuba amagambo adafite ishingiro.

    4. Aho AI izahera ishidikanya: ku marangamutima

    Nubwo AI ishobora kumenya byinshi no gukora byinshi, hari ahantu itazigera ihindura abantu: mu marangamutima.

    AI ishobora kwemera ko umuntu afite ikibazo, ariko ntishobora gusobanukirwa uburyo umutima w’umubyeyi utera iyo yumvise umwana we arira, cyangwa uko umuntu aseka ibintu bidasetsa kuko hari ibimunezereje bitavugwa.

    Ntishobora gusobanukirwa uburyo umuntu akora ibintu bitoroshye ariko bikomeye ku mutima; cyangwa uburyo umuntu yirwanaho mu buzima nubwo ibihe bitoroshye.

    Aha ni ho abantu bafite imbaraga AI itazigera itwara.

    5. Aho abantu bazahungira nyakuri

    Biragaragara ko gucika AI atari ukugenda kure, cyangwa gushaka ahantu hatagira umuriro.

    Aho abantu bazahungira si ahantu, ahubwo ni mu bintu bituma umuntu aba umuntu, birimo:

    • Ubushobozi bwo gutekereza kure,

    • Ubushobozi bwo guhanga ibishya biturutse ku marangamutima,

    • Ubumuntu bwo kubana neza n’abandi,

    • Ubwenge bwo kumenya gufata icyemezo gifite umutwe n’umugongo.

    AI ishobora kuba ubuyobozi, umufasha, umujyanama cyangwa igikoresho gifasha, ariko ntizigera ihinduka umuntu.

    Nta hantu h’ukuri twahungira AI. Nta cyaro, nta ishyamba, nta musozi, nta bihugu byo hanze twava tugenda ngo twihishe.

    Aho dushobora gutandukanya umuntu na AI ni mu marangamutima, ubuhanzi, ubumuntu, n’ubushobozi bwo kugira ibyiyumvo bihambaye.

    Rero ikibazo si: Aho tuzahungira AI?
    Ahubwo ni: Ni iki gituma dukomeza kuba abantu mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rihinduka buri munsi?

    Kandi imp答案 ni imwe: umutima wacu.

  • AI vs Abantu: Ese ubwenge bw’ubukorano buzatwaka akazi cyangwa buzaduhindurira isi?

    AI vs Abantu: Ese ubwenge bw’ubukorano buzatwaka akazi cyangwa buzaduhindurira isi?

    Kuva mu myaka micye ishize, amagambo nka Artificial Intelligence (AI) yatangiye kumvikana buri munsi — mu mashuri, mu bigo by’itumanaho, mu masoko ndetse no mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ariko uko irushaho kwinjira mu buzima bwacu, niko benshi batangira kwibaza ikibazo kimwe gikomeye: “Ese iri koranabuhanga rizatwaka akazi?”

    Ni ikibazo cy’ubwoba, ariko kandi n’amahirwe mashya ku bandi babona kure.

    AI ni uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga butuma mudasobwa cyangwa porogaramu ziga, zikiyigisha, kandi zigakora imirimo isanzwe yakozwe n’abantu.
    Urugero: gusoma amashusho, kuvuga, kwandika, cyangwa gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru.

    Mu buryo bworoshye, AI ni “ubwenge” bwubatswe mu buryo bwa tekinike, bushobora gukora ibintu umuntu asanzwe akora — rimwe na rimwe n’ubwo atari hafi.

    Uko AI yatangiye gufata umwanya mu kazi k’abantu

    Mu myaka icumi ishize, AI yagiye itangira gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye:

    • Mu bucuruzi, igafasha gukora isesengura ry’imari.

    • Mu bitaro, igasuzuma ibimenyetso by’indwara.

    • Mu itangazamakuru, igakora inkuru zicukumbuye cyangwa igatanga ibitekerezo ku nkuru nshya.

    • Mu muziki no mu ishusho, igatanga ibisubizo bitangaje by’imvange y’ubuhanzi n’ikoranabuhanga.

    Ibi byose bituma abantu bibaza niba ubwenge bw’ubukorano bushobora gusimbura ubuhanga n’ubushobozi bw’umuntu.

    Yego, hari imirimo ishobora gusimburwa… ariko si byose

    Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa World Economic Forum bubigaragaza, AI izasimbura imirimo isaga miliyoni 85 ku isi yose muri 2030, ariko nanone izazana indi mirimo mishya isaga miliyoni 97.

    Ibi bivuze ko AI ntabwo iza gusenya isi y’abantu — ahubwo ije kuyihindura.

    Aho umuntu wakoraga ibintu bisanzwe nko kwandika raporo, gukora ku rukuta rwa banki, cyangwa gusubiza ibibazo by’abakiriya, AI ishobora kubikora mu buryo bwihuse kandi butarimo amakosa.
    Ariko iyo AI ibikoze, umuntu ashobora kwibanda ku mirimo isaba gutekereza, guhanga udushya no gufata ibyemezo bikomeye.

    AI vs. Customer Service Agents | SuperStaff

    Kuba AI igenda yihuta, ntabwo bisobanura ko abantu bagomba kuyirwanya. Ahubwo bisaba guhindura imitekerereze.
    Umuntu w’iki gihe agomba kwibaza ati:

    • “Ni gute nakoresha AI ngo imfashe kunoza umurimo wanjye?”

    • “Ni ayahe mahirwe mashya iri koranabuhanga rinyereka?”

    • “Ni iki ngomba kwiga kugira ngo ntasigara inyuma?”

    Ubu hari abantu bari kwigisha uko wakoresha AI mu gukora amasoko, gukora imiziki, gukora imbuga nkoranyambaga, no gukora design.
    Aho kubona AI nk’umwanzi, abantu bayibonamo umufatanyabikorwa w’ahazaza.

    Nubwo AI ishobora gukora ibintu byihuse, nta bwo ishobora gusimbura ubumuntu.
    Nta AI ifite amarangamutima, ubushishozi, cyangwa ubuhanga bwo gusobanukirwa neza ibyiyumvo by’abantu.
    Umuntu azahora ari imbere mu byo bisaba gutekereza, kumva, no guhanga udushya.

    Uko twagenda mu isi ifite ikoranabuhanga, abantu bazahora ari bo bamenya icyo gikoreshwa, uko gikoreshwa, n’icyo kigamije.

    AI vs. Human Customer Service: Finding the Right Balance

    Icyerekezo cy’isi kirerekana ko imirimo myinshi izaba ikeneye abantu bafite ubumenyi mu bumenyamashini (data science), isesengura, ubuhanzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, no gukoresha AI mu buryo bushya.

    Abatazatinyuka kwiga no kumenya gukorana na tekinoloji, bashobora gusigara inyuma. Ariko abumva ko ari igihe cyo gukura no kwiyungura ubumenyi — bazabasha kubona amahirwe menshi atigeze abaho mbere.

    AI ntabwo ije gusimbura umuntu, ahubwo ije kumufasha gukora byinshi, neza kandi mu gihe gito.

  • Tanzania yahagaritse Internet mu gihe cy’imyigaragambyo: Ese igihugu gishobora gute guhagarika internet?

    Tanzania yahagaritse Internet mu gihe cy’imyigaragambyo: Ese igihugu gishobora gute guhagarika internet?

    Mu minsi mike ishize, igihugu cya Tanzania cyagarutsweho cyane mu makuru mpuzamahanga nyuma y’uko interineti ihagaritswe ku rwego rw’igihugu mu gihe cy’imyigaragambyo n’amatora. Ibyo byateye ibibazo bikomeye mu bikorwa bya buri munsi, cyane cyane ku bakoreshaga uburyo bwa digital nka Mobile Money, banki z’ikorabuhanga, n’ubucuruzi bushingiye kuri internet.

    Ariko se, ni gute igihugu cyose gishobora guhagarika internet mu gihe nk’iki? Ese ni mu buryo bwa tekiniki cyangwa ni icyemezo cya politiki?

    Internet outage affects Tanzania and other 11 countries | The Citizen

    Muri Tanzania hakomeje imyigaragambyo ikomeye y’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi nyuma y’amatora. Nk’uko bitangazwa n’ibinyamakuru nka The Guardian na AP News, abantu barenga 150 bapfuye, abandi benshi barakomereka, abandi bafungwa.

    Mu gihe ibyo byose byarimo bikwirakwizwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, leta yahise ihagarika interineti n’imbuga zimwe nkoranyambaga, harimo na X (Twitter). Ibi byatumye serivisi nyinshi za digital, harimo n’iz’itumanaho, zihagarara amasaha menshi, ndetse zimwe muri porogaramu z’imari nka NALA zifunga imirongo kubera kutabona aho zinyuza amakuru.

    Ese guhagarika interineti bikorwa gute?

    Mu buryo bwa tekiniki, guhagarika interineti bishoboka iyo leta ibinyujije ku bigo by’itumanaho (ISP) byose bikorera mu gihugu. Ibyo bigo bishinzwe guha abaturage interineti, biba bifite imiyoboro yinjira mu gihugu (gateway) isohoka cyangwa yinjira hanze.

    Iyo leta ishyizeho amabwiriza y’uko iyo miyoboro igomba gufungwa, amakuru yose yoherezwa cyangwa yakirwa mu gihugu arahagarara. Ibi bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bubiri:

    1. Guhagarika interineti yose (complete blackout) – nta murongo n’umwe ugerayo.

    2. Guhagarika imbuga zimwe (partial restriction) – nka YouTube, WhatsApp, cyangwa X (Twitter).

    Ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu bihugu bifite imiyoborere ikoresha ikoranabuhanga nk’igikoresho cyo kugenzura amakuru asohoka.

    Abayobozi b’ibihugu bakunze kuvuga ko guhagarika interineti biba bigamije kubungabunga umutekano no kwirinda ko amakuru y’ibinyoma yateza imvururu. Ariko impirimbanyi z’uburenganzira bwa muntu zibibona ukundi — bavuga ko ari uguhonyora ubwisanzure bwo gutanga amakuru, no guhisha ibiri kuba imbere mu gihugu.

    Muri Tanzania, bamwe bavuga ko guhagarika interineti byakozwe kugira ngo bigabanye uburyo amakuru y’imyigaragambyo yakwirakwira, cyane cyane mu gihe bamwe mu baturage bifashishaga imbuga nkoranyambaga kugira ngo basakaze amafoto n’amashusho y’ibiri kuba.

    Best VPN for Tanzania - Anonymous and Secure

    Nubwo interineti yahagaritswe, bamwe mu baturage n’abanyamakuru bo muri Tanzania bakomeje gukoresha VPN (Virtual Private Network), uburyo bubemerera kwinjira ku mbuga ziba zafunzwe, binyujijwe mu miyoboro yo hanze y’igihugu.

    Hari kandi n’abanyakenya n’abandi bo mu karere bavuga ko bafashije kwambutsa amakuru cyangwa gukoresha imiyoboro mpuzamahanga, ariko kugeza ubu nta gihamya gifatika kiragaragaza uburyo byakozwe cyangwa niba byarakozwe mu buryo bwo kwinjira muri system z’igihugu.

    Icyagaragaye gusa ni uko abaturage benshi bo muri Tanzania bashoboye kongera kubona interineti nyuma y’amasaha 18, ubwo imirongo ya tekiniki yari itangiye gusubizwa mu buryo.

    Ibi bibazo bya Tanzania byagaragaje ukuntu ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuba icyuma cy’iterambere cyangwa igikoresho cyo gucecekesha.
    Ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, birimo Ethiopia, Sudan, na DRC, byigeze guhagarika interineti mu bihe by’imvururu, byose bivuga impamvu z’umutekano. Ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyo internet ihagaritswe, igihugu gitakaza akayabo k’amafaranga mu bucuruzi, serivisi, ndetse n’imyitwarire ya rubanda igahungabana.

    Mu gihe isi igenda yihuta mu ikoranabuhanga, ibihugu bikwiye kwiga uburyo bwo kugenzura amakuru nta guhonyora uburenganzira bwa rubanda, kuko interineti ubu yabaye kimwe mu byangombwa bya muntu nk’amazi cyangwa umuriro.

  • Kuki Mobile Money cyangwa Banki rimwe na rimwe service ziba zidakora? Menya ikiba kihishe inyuma

    Kuki Mobile Money cyangwa Banki rimwe na rimwe service ziba zidakora? Menya ikiba kihishe inyuma

    Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abantu benshi bakoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza cyangwa kubikuza amafaranga — yaba kuri telefoni, ku mbuga za banki, cyangwa ku mashini z’ATM. Ariko hari igihe ibintu bigenda nabi: serivisi zikarangara, ubutumwa bukavuga ngo “service temporarily unavailable”, cyangwa amafaranga akaguma mu nzira.

    Icyo gihe, abantu benshi bararakara, bamwe bakavuga ngo “MTN cyangwa Equity barimo kudutwara amafaranga”, abandi bakavuga ngo “ni ikibazo cya system yabo”, ariko bake ni bo bamenya ukuri nyakwo.

    Mu by’ukuri, ibi bibazo biba bigira impamvu zifatika, kandi akenshi ntibiba ari ubushake bw’ikigo runaka, ahubwo ni ingorane zituruka ku mikorere y’ikoranabuhanga n’uburyo imiyoborere y’amafaranga ikorana hagati y’ibigo bitandukanye.

     

    Iyo umuntu akoze “send” cyangwa “withdraw” kuri telefoni, abenshi bumva ko ibintu byose bikorerwa aho ako kanya. Ariko mu by’ukuri, hari inzira ndende amafaranga anyuramo — harimo system ya telefoni, system ya banki, na system y’igihugu (switch) ihuza izo serivisi zombi.


    Urugero: igihe woherereje amafaranga umuntu ufite konti muri banki, ayo mafaranga abanza kunyura muri system ya Mobile Money, akajya muri system y’igihugu (nk’iya RSwitch mu Rwanda), hanyuma ajyanwe muri system ya banki.

    Ibi byose bitwara amasegonda make, ariko iyo hari ikibazo muri imwe muri izo system — urugero nka server itarimo gukora neza, cyangwa umurongo w’itumanaho ucitse — ibyo bikorwa byose birahagarara by’agateganyo.

    Ibigo nka MTN, Airtel, cyangwa Equity, rimwe na rimwe bihagarika serivisi zimwe mu gihe runaka kugira ngo bakore ibyo bita maintenance.

    Iyo bigenze bityo, baba bashaka kongera umutekano, kuvugurura uburyo bw’imikorere, cyangwa kongeramo serivisi nshya.
    Gusa ikibazo kiba uko abantu babimenyeshwa: rimwe na rimwe ubutumwa bwabo ntibugere kuri bose, cyangwa abakozi batinya kubivuga kare ngo bitagira ingaruka ku kazi. Ibyo bituma abakiriya bumva batumva neza ukuntu byabayeho.

    Nyamara, nk’uko inzobere mu itumanaho zibivuga, “nta system y’itumanaho idahagarara. Kandi igihe kimwe cyo guhindura systemsoftware kizatuma imikorere iba myiza mu gihe kirekire.”

    Iyo serivisi ihagaritswe hagati, amafaranga aba yarasohotse muri system imwe ariko ataragera mu yindi. Ayo mafaranga ahita afatwa nk’ari mu nzira (pending transaction). Icyo gihe system iba igomba kuyasubiza aho yaturutse — ariko rimwe na rimwe bisaba amasaha cyangwa iminsi mike bitewe n’uburyo transaction yakozwemo.

    Ni yo mpamvu ibigo byinshi biba bivuga ngo “wait 24 hours before reporting a failed transaction”. Si ugutinza abantu, ahubwo ni ukureka system igenzure ikosore mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

    Uko umukiriya yakabaye abyitwaramo

    • Kugira ubushishozi: igihe serivisi zanze, wirinde gukora inshuro nyinshi icyarimwe (send, withdraw, transfer…) kuko bishobora gutuma usubiramo transaction zishobora kukugiraho igihombo.

    • Kureba ubutumwa bwa company: akenshi ibigo bitanga ubutumwa mbere yo gukora maintenance, ariko abantu benshi ntibabisome cyangwa bakabifata nk’ubusanzwe.

    • Kwandika cyangwa guhamagara call center mu kinyabupfura: si bibi gutanga ikirego, ariko uburyo umuntu abivugamo ni bwo bugena ukuntu ikibazo cye gikemurwa. Abakozi bari kuri call center nabo ni abantu, kandi nabo bifuza gukorera abakiriya neza.

    Ibyo ibigo nabyo bikwiye kunoza

    Ku rundi ruhande, ibigo nabyo bigira inshingano:

    • Kumenyesha kare abakiriya igihe serivisi zizahagarara.

    • Gutanga ubusobanuro burambuye igihe habaye ikibazo kinini.

    • Kongera abakozi bashinzwe customer care mu bihe bidasanzwe.

    Kuko abakiriya ni bo bubaka izina ry’ikigo, kandi kuba umuntu yihanganye ntibivuga ko adafite agaciro.

     

    Iyo serivisi z’itumanaho cyangwa za banki zigeze ku rwego rwo gufasha umuntu gukora ibintu byose ku murongo wa telefoni, ni intambwe ikomeye.

    Iyo ikibazo kibaye, ni byiza ko umukiriya n’ikigo byibona nk’abantu bari mu rugendo rumwe — aho buri wese akora uko ashoboye ngo ibintu bikorwe neza.

    Kwihangana no kumenya uko system zikora ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kubaho neza mu isi y’ikorabuhanga. Kuko mu by’ukuri, ikoranabuhanga rikora nk’abantu baryo: rimwe rikora neza, rimwe rikanga — ariko ryose rigamije gutuma ubuzima bwacu burushaho koroha.