Iyo wumvise ko Koreya ya Ruguru yibye miliyari z’amadolari ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga, ushobora kwibaza uti: “Bikorwa bite mu gihugu abaturage bacyo badafite internet, telefone zigezweho cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rihambaye?” Nyamara, mu by’ukuri, ni imwe mu nkuru zigaragaza ko isi y’ikoranabuhanga itagendera ku byo tubona ku mugaragaro gusa, ahubwo igenderwamo n’ibikorwa byihishe, bifite igenamigambi rikomeye.
Mu myaka ya vuba, raporo zitandukanye z’ibigo mpuzamahanga by’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga zagaragaje ko Koreya ya Ruguru imaze kwiba amafaranga arenga miliyari 3 z’amadolari binyuze muri crypto, cyane cyane ikoresheje amatsinda y’abajura b’ikoranabuhanga azwi nka Lazarus Group. Aya mafaranga akomeje kuba isoko ikomeye y’igihugu gifite ibihano bikakaye by’ubukungu, bigatuma kitabasha kubona amadovize mu buryo busanzwe.
Ikintu cya mbere abantu bagomba gusobanukirwa ni uko abiba ayo mafaranga atari abaturage basanzwe. Ni itsinda rito cyane ry’abantu batoranyijwe, barimo impuguke mu ikoranabuhanga, bamenyerejwe mu mashuri ya gisirikare n’ay’ubutasi, kandi bakorera mu nzego za Leta. Aba bantu bafite uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha internet mpuzamahanga, bakorera hanze y’igihugu cyangwa bakoresheje imiyoboro yihariye Leta yabashyiriyeho.
Uburyo bakoresha mu kwiba crypto burimo kwinjirira mu bigega by’amafaranga (crypto exchanges), gushyiramo virusi muri mudasobwa z’abantu, cyangwa kwohereza emails z’uburiganya (phishing) zibeshya abantu ko bakorana n’ibigo byemewe. Iyo umuntu akanda link mbi cyangwa agashyiramo amakuru ye y’ibanga, ayo matsinda ahita agenzura konti ze, agakuramo crypto yose iriho.
Hari n’ubundi buryo bukomeye bakoresha, bwo kwinjirira mu mishinga ya blockchain itaraba ikomeye, cyane cyane imishinga mishya ya DeFi. Iyo babonye icyuho mu mutekano w’iyo system, barayinjiramo bagakuramo amafaranga mu masegonda make, rimwe na rimwe amafaranga angana na miliyoni cyangwa miliyari z’amadolari mu gikorwa kimwe.
Ikibazo gikomeye ni ukuntu ayo mafaranga atwarwa adashobora gukurikiranwa byoroshye. Koreya ya Ruguru ikoresha uburyo bwitwa money laundering ya crypto, aho ayo mafaranga aca mu nzira nyinshi za wallets zitandukanye, agacishwa mu byitwa mixers, hanyuma agahindurwa mu yandi mafaranga cyangwa mu bintu bifatika nk’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare. Ibi bituma bigorana cyane kumenya aho ayo mafaranga yagiye n’uwagize uruhare mu kuyiba.
Abasesenguzi bemeza ko ayo mafaranga atajya mu mibereho y’abaturage, ahubwo akoreshwa mu guteza imbere intwaro za missile, intwaro za nucléaire, n’ibikorwa bya gisirikare. Ni ukuvuga ko cybercrime ihindutse kimwe mu bikoresho bya politiki y’igihugu, aho ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa nk’intwaro y’ubukungu n’umutekano.
Ikindi gitangaje ni uko nubwo abaturage basanzwe ba Koreya ya Ruguru badafite internet, Leta yo ifite internet yuzuye. Hari imiyoboro yihariye ikoreshwa n’inzego za gisirikare n’ubutasi, ihuzwa n’isi yose. Ibi byerekana itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’ubuzima abaturage babamo n’uburyo ubutegetsi bukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu nyungu zabwo.
Iyi nkuru itanga isomo rikomeye ku isi yose: ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuba igikoresho cy’iterambere, ariko rikanahinduka intwaro y’ubujura n’ihungabana ry’umutekano. N’igihugu gisa n’icyitandukanyije n’isi gishobora gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kurusha ibihugu bifite internet ku rwego rwo hejuru, bitewe n’uko giteguye, gifite igenamigambi n’abahanga babihuguriwe.
Ku bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere, iyi nkuru ni umuburo ukomeye. Uko isi igenda yinjira mu bukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga n’amafaranga ya digitale, ni ko hakenewe kongera umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga, kwigisha abaturage uburyo bwo kwirinda uburiganya, no gufata ibyemezo bikomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
