Mu minsi mike ishize, igihugu cya Tanzania cyagarutsweho cyane mu makuru mpuzamahanga nyuma y’uko interineti ihagaritswe ku rwego rw’igihugu mu gihe cy’imyigaragambyo n’amatora. Ibyo byateye ibibazo bikomeye mu bikorwa bya buri munsi, cyane cyane ku bakoreshaga uburyo bwa digital nka Mobile Money, banki z’ikorabuhanga, n’ubucuruzi bushingiye kuri internet.
Ariko se, ni gute igihugu cyose gishobora guhagarika internet mu gihe nk’iki? Ese ni mu buryo bwa tekiniki cyangwa ni icyemezo cya politiki?
Muri Tanzania hakomeje imyigaragambyo ikomeye y’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi nyuma y’amatora. Nk’uko bitangazwa n’ibinyamakuru nka The Guardian na AP News, abantu barenga 150 bapfuye, abandi benshi barakomereka, abandi bafungwa.
Mu gihe ibyo byose byarimo bikwirakwizwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, leta yahise ihagarika interineti n’imbuga zimwe nkoranyambaga, harimo na X (Twitter). Ibi byatumye serivisi nyinshi za digital, harimo n’iz’itumanaho, zihagarara amasaha menshi, ndetse zimwe muri porogaramu z’imari nka NALA zifunga imirongo kubera kutabona aho zinyuza amakuru.
Ese guhagarika interineti bikorwa gute?
Mu buryo bwa tekiniki, guhagarika interineti bishoboka iyo leta ibinyujije ku bigo by’itumanaho (ISP) byose bikorera mu gihugu. Ibyo bigo bishinzwe guha abaturage interineti, biba bifite imiyoboro yinjira mu gihugu (gateway) isohoka cyangwa yinjira hanze.
Iyo leta ishyizeho amabwiriza y’uko iyo miyoboro igomba gufungwa, amakuru yose yoherezwa cyangwa yakirwa mu gihugu arahagarara. Ibi bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bubiri:
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Guhagarika interineti yose (complete blackout) – nta murongo n’umwe ugerayo.
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Guhagarika imbuga zimwe (partial restriction) – nka YouTube, WhatsApp, cyangwa X (Twitter).
Ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu bihugu bifite imiyoborere ikoresha ikoranabuhanga nk’igikoresho cyo kugenzura amakuru asohoka.
Abayobozi b’ibihugu bakunze kuvuga ko guhagarika interineti biba bigamije kubungabunga umutekano no kwirinda ko amakuru y’ibinyoma yateza imvururu. Ariko impirimbanyi z’uburenganzira bwa muntu zibibona ukundi — bavuga ko ari uguhonyora ubwisanzure bwo gutanga amakuru, no guhisha ibiri kuba imbere mu gihugu.
Muri Tanzania, bamwe bavuga ko guhagarika interineti byakozwe kugira ngo bigabanye uburyo amakuru y’imyigaragambyo yakwirakwira, cyane cyane mu gihe bamwe mu baturage bifashishaga imbuga nkoranyambaga kugira ngo basakaze amafoto n’amashusho y’ibiri kuba.
Nubwo interineti yahagaritswe, bamwe mu baturage n’abanyamakuru bo muri Tanzania bakomeje gukoresha VPN (Virtual Private Network), uburyo bubemerera kwinjira ku mbuga ziba zafunzwe, binyujijwe mu miyoboro yo hanze y’igihugu.
Hari kandi n’abanyakenya n’abandi bo mu karere bavuga ko bafashije kwambutsa amakuru cyangwa gukoresha imiyoboro mpuzamahanga, ariko kugeza ubu nta gihamya gifatika kiragaragaza uburyo byakozwe cyangwa niba byarakozwe mu buryo bwo kwinjira muri system z’igihugu.
Icyagaragaye gusa ni uko abaturage benshi bo muri Tanzania bashoboye kongera kubona interineti nyuma y’amasaha 18, ubwo imirongo ya tekiniki yari itangiye gusubizwa mu buryo.
Ibi bibazo bya Tanzania byagaragaje ukuntu ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuba icyuma cy’iterambere cyangwa igikoresho cyo gucecekesha.
Ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, birimo Ethiopia, Sudan, na DRC, byigeze guhagarika interineti mu bihe by’imvururu, byose bivuga impamvu z’umutekano. Ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyo internet ihagaritswe, igihugu gitakaza akayabo k’amafaranga mu bucuruzi, serivisi, ndetse n’imyitwarire ya rubanda igahungabana.
Mu gihe isi igenda yihuta mu ikoranabuhanga, ibihugu bikwiye kwiga uburyo bwo kugenzura amakuru nta guhonyora uburenganzira bwa rubanda, kuko interineti ubu yabaye kimwe mu byangombwa bya muntu nk’amazi cyangwa umuriro.
