Mu myaka ya 2014 kugera muri 2017, isi yose yari yibasiwe n’icyiswe OneCoin, ifaranga rya “cryptocurrency” ryavugwaga ko rizasimbura Bitcoin. Nyamara inyuma y’iryo zina ry’amashyushyu, hari umugore umwe witwa Ruja Ignatova, uherutse guhabwa izina na FBI “The Crypto Queen”, ariko ubu akaba ari umwe mu bantu bashakishwa cyane ku isi kubera uburiganya bukomeye yateguye.

Ruja Ignatova yavukiye mu Budage, afite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga mu by’amategeko, kandi yari azi kuvuga byinshi ku ikoranabuhanga. Mu buryo bwagaragaraga nk’ubw’ubuhanga, yatangiye kwigisha abantu uburyo “OneCoin” izahindura isi y’imari. Yabwiraga abantu ko ari amahirwe adasanzwe yo kuba miliyoneri mu gihe gito.

Mu nama yakoraga hirya no hino ku isi, yambaraga imyenda y’igitangaza, akagera aho avuga ko OneCoin izarenga Bitcoin mu gaciro. Mu by’ukuri, abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi baramwemeye, bamutekereza nk’umugore uzi byinshi, ufite icyerekezo gishya cy’ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.

Kuri benshi, OneCoin yari nk’indi “cryptocurrency” isanzwe, ariko ikinyoma cyayo cyatangiye kugaragara nyuma gato. Mu gihe Bitcoin ifite uburyo bugaragara bwo kugenzura amafaranga binyuze muri “blockchain”, OneCoin nta na rimwe yagize urubuga rwa “blockchain” rufatika.

Byaje kumenyekana ko amafaranga yose y’abantu yakusanywaga ajya kuri konti z’abayobozi bayo, harimo na Ruja ubwe. Bivugwa ko abantu basaga 3 miliyoni bari barashoye amafaranga yabo muri OneCoin, aho abenshi batakaje ubutunzi bwabo bwose.

Mu myaka mike gusa, OneCoin yari imaze gukusanya arenga $4 miliyari z’amadolari y’Amerika. Byari ubujura bukomeye cyane bwari bwambitse isura y’ikoranabuhanga. Abantu bari barayumvise nk’uburyo bushya bwo kwinjira mu bukungu bw’igihe kizaza, ariko mu by’ukuri bari barinjiyemo mu mutego wacuzwe neza cyane.

Mu 2017, ubwo ibimenyetso by’uburiganya byatangiraga kugaragara, Ruja Ignatova yahise aburirwa irengero. Igihe yari agiye kugirana inama mu gihugu cya Portugal, ntiyigeze yongera kuboneka. Kuva ubwo, ibihugu byinshi byatangiye iperereza, ariko kugeza ubu, nta wigeze amubona cyangwa ngo amenye aho yagiye.

Mu 2022, FBI yamushyize ku rutonde rw’abantu 10 bashakishwa cyane ku isi, ikavuga ko uwatanga amakuru y’aho aherereye azahabwa ibihembo bingana na $100,000. Hari abavuga ko ashobora kuba yarahinduye isura, abandi bakemeza ko yaba yarishwe kugira ngo atavuga byinshi ku bantu bari inyuma y’iyo gahunda.

Nyamara n’ubwo yabuze, OneCoin iracyafite ingaruka zikomeye ku isi yose. Mu bihugu byinshi, harimo n’ibyo muri Afurika, abantu benshi baracyafite igikomere cy’ayo mafaranga batakaje bitewe no kwizera ko bari gushora mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Inkuru ya Ruja Ignatova ni isomo rikomeye ku bantu bose bagira amatsiko y’ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga. Mu gihe isi ikomeje kuvuga ku ifaranga ry’ikoranabuhanga (cryptocurrency), abantu bakwiye kumenya ko atari buri mushinga uvuga “blockchain” uba ufite ukuri cyangwa ubumenyi.

OneCoin yagaragaje uburyo abantu bashobora kwirara mu bitangazamakuru, ibivugiro, n’amagambo y’ikirungo bagata ubwenge. Nta kintu kigaragaza ubuhanga bwo gushora imari nka “kwiga neza mbere yo gushora”.

Abasesenguzi benshi bavuga ko Ruja Ignatova yari afite ubwenge bukomeye, ariko yabukoresheje mu buryo bubi. Yamenye neza uko abantu bakunda amafaranga, uburyo bakunda guhumurizwa n’inyungu zihuse, maze abikoresha mu kubahindura ababyeyi b’imishinga itagaragara.

Kuri ubu, inkuru ye imeze nk’iy’igitekerezo cya sinema. Hari amafilime n’inyandiko nyinshi ziri gukorwa zivuga kuri we, harimo na podcast yitwa “The Missing Crypto Queen” yakozwe na BBC.

OneCoin yari yitezwe nk’inkuru y’ubukungu bushya, ariko yagaragaye nk’imfashanyo y’uburiganya bw’ikinyejana. Ruja Ignatova yahinduye amahirwe y’abantu miliyoni n’amamiliyoni mu marira, maze aburirwa irengero nk’ikirahuri kimennye mu mazi.

Kugeza n’uyu munsi, ibibazo biracyahari: Ese Ruja aracyariho? Ese hari abandi bari inyuma ye? Cyangwa se isi izigera imenya ukuri ku mugore wihishe inyuma y’ubujura bwa miliyari enye z’amadolari?

Ikigaragara ni kimwe: ikoranabuhanga ritanga amahirwe, ariko ntiryigisha ubunyangamugayo.
Iyo ubuhanga buhuye n’uburiganya, ibyavamo ni nk’ibya Ruja — umugore wahindutse igihombo cy’ikinyejana.