Mu minsi ishize Perezida Donald Trump yongeye gutangaza politiki ikomeye yo gukaza umutekano w’abinjira n’abasohoka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Mu mabwiriza mashya yatangajwe, Perezida Trump yasabye ko abagenzi baturuka mu bihugu byashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’ibyago bazajya basabwa gutanga amazina yabo ya social media—Facebook, X (Twitter), Instagram, TikTok n’izindi konti zose bakoresha.

Iki cyemezo cyahise kibyutsa impaka zikomeye ku isi hose: bamwe bakibona nk uburyo bwo kongera umutekano, abandi bakakibona nk igikoresho cyo guca no kugenzura ubuzima bw’abaturage no kubangamira ubwisanzure bwabo.

None se ni iki cyabiteye? Ese bizakorana gute? Ese hari ingaruka ku banyafurika ndetse no ku baturuka mu bihugu Trump avugamo?

Impamvu Trump avuga ko yongereye ubu buryo bushya

Mu magambo ye, Trump yavuze ko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko abinjira muri USA banyuze mu nzira zisanzwe batagenzuwe bihagije, cyane cyane abaturuka mu bihugu yita “countries of concern.” Yavuze ko social media ari imwe mu nzira zoroshye zikoreshwa n’abakora ibikorwa by’ubugizi-bwanabi cyangwa abarya amafaranga y’imisoro binjira mu gihugu batavugisha ukuri.

Abashinzwe umutekano muri USA nabo bavuze ko konti za social media zishobora kugaragaza byinshi ku muntu kurusha inyandiko ashyira kuri passport:

• uko atekereza,

• abo avugana nabo,

• ibyo yandika,

• ndetse n’amarangamutima agaragaza imiterere ye.

Ibi byose ni byo Trump avuga ko bikeneye gukoreshwa mu kugenzura neza mbere yo gutanga visa cyangwa kwinjiza umuntu mu gihugu.

Ese bizakorana gute?

Uburyo bushya buratuma abajura, abimukira badafite ibyangombwa bihagije cyangwa abashobora guteza umutekano muke batoroherezwa kwinjira. Ariko na none hari impungenge hagati ya za ambasade, abagenzuzi n’abahanga mu mategeko ku buryo bizashyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo burinda uburenganzira bw’abantu.

Muri make, uburyo bushya buzaba bugizwe n’ibi:

1. Umugenzi asabwa kwandika konti zose akoresha

Ni ngombwa ko umuntu atanga amazina yose ya social media uko akoresha — ndetse n’izo yigeze gukoresha mbere.

2. Abagenzuzi ba USA bazakoresha software zikora ‘social media screening’

Izi software zizajya zishakisha: amashusho, amagambo, comments, ibitekerezo, imbuga umuntu akurikira n’abandi bakurikirana we.

3. Ibyagaragara byose birahuzwa n’ingendo z’uwo muntu

Iyo bagize ibyo babona bishidikanywaho nko:

• amagambo akangurira urugomo,

• amagambo y’urwango,

• gukurikira imbuga zishidikanywaho,

• cyangwa kwerekana ko umuntu avuga ibinyuranye n’amakuru yatanzwe,

bishobora gutuma dosiye itinda cyangwa ikangwa burundu.

4. Abadatanga konti zabo bazafatwa nk’abashaka guhisha ukuri

Trump yavuze ko “guhisha social media ari kimwe no guhisha amateka yawe.” Ibi bivuze ko umuntu utazabasha gutanga social media ze ashobora gufatwa nk’ubeshya.

Ni iki bishatse kuvuga ku baturage b’amahanga, cyane cyane abaturuka muri Afurika?

Amwe mu mahanga ari mu byibanze by’iyi gahunda mashya arimo Sudan, Somalia, Libya, Eritrea, Togo, Chad, Burundi, Congo-Brazzaville, na Sierra Leone. Abaturuka muri ibi bihugu bari mu cyiciro Trump yise “high risk.”

Ibi bisobanuye ko:

• Visa zabo zizajya zigenzurwa cyane kurusha iz’abandi,

• Ibyo bandika kuri social media bishobora gukoreshwa mu gufata umwanzuro,

• Abantu bafite ibitekerezo bikaze, amagambo y’amacakubiri cyangwa comment zibanziriza kureka ubupfura bashobora kwangwa.

Hari n’impungenge ko abantu bazajya banengwa n’amagambo bandika batari bo bayanditse, cyane cyane muri social media aho hari kwifashishwa konti z’impimbano.

Ese iyi gahunda ifite izihe ngaruka ku buzima bw’abantu?

1. Ikibazo cy’ubwirinzi bw’amabanga y’abantu

Abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga bavuga ko USA ishobora guhata abantu gutanga amakuru yabo yihariye kurusha uko byigeze kubaho. Ibi bishobora kubangamira uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bwo kugira ubuzima bwite.

2. ‘Self-censorship’: abantu bazatangira kwikanga ibyo bandika

Abantu benshi bashobora gutangira:

• gusiba posts,

• kuba maso uko bandika,

• kwirinda gusangiza ibitekerezo bya politiki cyangwa religiye.

Ibi bishobora kugabanya ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo ku rubyiruko rw’isi.

3. Ibyago byo kwitiranya no guhohoterwa

Hari aho software zishobora kumenya nabi amakuru, zigafata amagambo asanzwe nk’inkurikizi mbi, bityo umuntu akabihomberamo.

4. Bizatuma ingendo zijya muri USA zikomera

Abantu benshi bakora ingendo z’akazi, amashuri, ubucuruzi cyangwa gusura imiryango bashobora guhura n’imbogamizi kuko dosiye zabo zizajya zigenzurwa igihe kirekire.

Trump arimo kubaka Amerika y’umutekano mwinshi—ariko ibibazo ni byinshi kurusha ibisubizo

Mu by’ukuri, gahunda yo gusaba social media handles izana ibyiza n’ibibi. Trump avuga ko igamije gukaza umutekano no kurinda igihugu kwinjiramo abantu bafite imyitwarire cyangwa amateka ashobora guteza ibyago. Ariko abahanga benshi bavuga ko atari uburyo bwizewe, ko bushobora gutuma abantu bahohoterwa cyangwa hakagaragara itonesha rishingiye ku bihugu n’aho umuntu akomoka.

Icyo umuntu akwiye kuzirikana ni uko social media imaze kuba igikoresho gikomeye kigenzura, gicunga, cyangwa gicatira umuntu kubyo yanditse mu bihe bitandukanye. Iki gihe, amagambo umuntu yandika kuri internet ashobora kumufungira amarembo y’ahantu akeneye kujya.

Mu gihe politiki za Trump zikomeje gukaza umurego, abagenzi benshi bari mu bihugu byamaze gushyirwa mu cyiciro cy’”ibyago byinshi” bagomba kuba maso, bagasuzuma ibyo bandika ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, kandi bakamenya ko byose bishobora gukoreshwa mu byemezo by’ingendo zabo.