Hari igihe umuntu yumva inkuru igira iti: “Uwari warahunze yafatiwe mu kindi gihugu nyuma y’igihe kinini ashakishwa.” Cyangwa ukumva ngo: “Polisi yakurikiranye aho yakoreshereje telefone, iramufata.” Aha ni ho abantu benshi bahita bibaza bati: ese koko leta ibasha ite kumenya aho umuntu aherereye, n’iyo yaba ari kure cyane cyangwa yihishe neza?
Iyi si amarozi, si n’imigani—ni ikoranabuhanga rihanitse rifasha inzego z’umutekano gukurikirana abantu bakekwaho ibyaha, ndetse n’abamaze kubikora bagahunga. Muri iyi nkuru, tugiye gusobanura neza uko bikorwa, mu buryo bworoshye buri wese yakumva.
Telefone yawe niyo itanga amakuru menshi kurusha uko ubitekereza
Ikintu cya mbere ugomba kumenya ni uko telefoni igendanwa ari nk’akantu kagenda gatanga amakuru igihe cyose. Iyo telefone yawe ifunguye, ihora ihuza na antene (towers) z’itumanaho ziri hafi yawe. Ibi bituma sosiyete z’itumanaho zibasha kumenya aho uri mu gace runaka.
Iyo leta ishaka umuntu, ishobora gusaba izi sosiyete amakuru ajyanye na:
- Aho telefone iherereye (location)
- Igihe yaherukaga gukoreshwa
- Nimero yahamagaye cyangwa yakiriye
N’iyo umuntu yaba yazimije GPS, network signal yo ubwayo ishobora kumwerekana aho ari hafi.
GPS: uburyo bw’ukuri buca ku kirere
Hari kandi uburyo bwa GPS (Global Positioning System), bushobora kwerekana aho umuntu aherereye neza cyane, hafi kuri metero nke. Ibi bikorwa binyuze ku masatélite ari mu kirere azenguruka isi.
Iyo telefone yawe ifite GPS ikora, ishobora gutanga amakuru nyayo y’aho uri:
- Ku muhanda runaka
- Mu nzu runaka
- Ndetse rimwe na rimwe ku cyumba runaka
Ibi ni byo bituma hari abantu bafatwa mu gihe gito cyane, cyane cyane iyo bakoresha apps zisaba location nka maps cyangwa ride apps.
Internet n’imbuga nkoranyambaga: amakuru abantu batanga batabizi
Abantu benshi ntibazi ko imbuga nkoranyambaga ari isoko rikomeye ry’amakuru. Iyo wohereje ifoto, video cyangwa message, hari amakuru ajyana na byo:
- Aho byafatiwe (metadata)
- Igihe byafatiwe
- Igikoresho cyakoreshejwe
Leta n’inzego z’umutekano bashobora gukurikirana ibyo bikorwa, cyane cyane mu gihe hari iperereza rikomeye. Hari n’aho umuntu ubwe yishyira hanze atabizi, nko gushyira ifoto iriho ibimenyetso by’aho aherereye.
CCTV Cameras: amaso adasinzira
Mu mijyi myinshi y’isi, harimo n’iyo muri Afurika igenda itera imbere, hashyizweho camera z’umutekano (CCTV). Izi camera zifata amashusho 24/7, zigafasha gukurikirana abantu n’ibikorwa byabo.
Uyu munsi, hari aho hagezweho hakoresha:
- Facial recognition (kumenya isura y’umuntu)
- Plate recognition (gusoma nimero z’imodoka)
Ibi bituma umuntu ashobora gukurikiranwa kuva ahantu hamwe kugera ahandi, atabizi.
Amabanki n’imikoreshereze y’amafaranga
Iyo ukoresheje amafaranga, cyane cyane kuri banki cyangwa mobile money, usiga inyuma ibimenyetso. Ibi birimo:
- Aho transaction yakorewe
- Igihe yakorewe
- Konti cyangwa nimero yakoreshejwe
Mu iperereza, ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya aho umuntu ari cyangwa aho aherutse kunyura.
Amakosa abantu bakora atuma bafatwa vuba
Nubwo umuntu yaba ashaka kwihisha, hari amakosa akunze kumufasha gufatwa:
- Gukoresha telefone isanzwe imenyerewe
- Kuvugana n’abantu bazwi
- Kugaragara ku mbuga nkoranyambaga
- Gukoresha konti zisanzwe
Akenshi, si ikoranabuhanga gusa rifata umuntu, ahubwo ni imyitwarire ye imushyira hanze.
Ese umuntu ashobora kwihisha burundu muri iki gihe?
Mu by’ukuri, biragoye cyane. Ntabwo bivuze ko bidashoboka 100%, ariko bisaba:
- Kutagira telefone
- Kutagira konti z’imari
- Kutagaragara ahari camera
- Kutagira imikoranire n’abandi
Ibi byose mu buzima bwa none ni ibintu bigoye cyane.
Icya mbere, ikoranabuhanga rifite imbaraga nyinshi kurusha uko tubitekereza. Rishobora gufasha mu kurinda umutekano, ariko rinasaba ko abantu baryitondera.
Icya kabiri, nta kintu gihishika burundu muri iki gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga. Ibyo ukora, aho ujya, n’abo uvugana bishobora gusiga ibimenyetso.
Uko imyaka igenda ishira, ni ko uburyo bwo gukurikirana abantu bugenda burushaho gutera imbere. Ibi bituma inzego z’umutekano zibasha gukora akazi kazo neza, ariko na none bikibutsa abantu bose ko isi y’ubu ishingiye ku makuru.
Ikibazo gisigaye kuri buri wese ni iki: Ese uko dukoresha ikoranabuhanga turabizi neza, cyangwa natwe turi mu batanga amakuru yabo batabizi?
