Mu gihe Donald Trump akomeje kwigaragaza nk’umwe mu bantu bafite ubutunzi bukomeye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikibazo gikomeye gikomeje kugarukwaho ni kimwe: ni nde uzi neza amafaranga uyu mugabo n’umuryango we barimo kunjiza muri iki gihe?

Ubusanzwe, abakire bakomeye ku isi baba bafite uburyo bamenyekanisha umutungo wabo — yaba ari ku isoko ry’imari, muri raporo za leta cyangwa se mu bitangazamakuru. Ariko ku muryango wa Trump, ibintu biratandukanye cyane. Imibare ihindagurika, ibitangazamakuru by’imari bitanga amakuru atandukanye, naho bamwe mu bashakashatsi bavuga ko hari byinshi bihishe inyuma y’inyandiko zigaragara.

Donald Trump yamenyekanye cyane mu bikorwa byo kubaka inyubako z’ubucuruzi n’amahoteli kuva mu myaka ya 1980. Ubutunzi bwe bwashingiraga ku mishinga y’ubutaka (real estate) n’amahoteli afite izina “Trump”, birimo nka Trump Tower i New York, ibibuga bya golf, ndetse n’amaresitora menshi afite icyo kimenyetso.

Gusa uko imyaka yagiye ihita, izina “Trump” ryahindutse ubwoko bw’ubucuruzi bwaryo. Yatangiye gukoresha izina rye nk’ikirango cy’ubucuruzi ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye: imyambaro, amavuta, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, n’ibindi. Ibi byagize uruhare runini mu gutuma abantu benshi bibaza niba ubutunzi bwa Trump bushingiye ku bikorwa bifatika cyangwa ku kugaragara k’izina rye gusa.

Iyo usesenguye, usanga ari nk’uburyo bw’ubucuruzi bushingiye ku cyo twikita “brand value” – aho izina ry’umuntu ryonyine rishobora kugira agaciro karenze ibikorwa bifatika.

Imibare itandukanye ku butunzi bwa Trump

Ibinyamakuru by’imari nka Forbes na Bloomberg bisanzwe bikora urutonde rw’abakire ku isi, ariko iyo bigeze kuri Trump, nta mwanzuro umwe bigeze bagiraho.

• Forbes yigeze gutangaza ko mu mwaka wa 2024, agaciro k’umutungo wa Trump kari hafi ya miliyari 2.6 z’amadolari.

• Ariko abandi bashakashatsi bemeza ko ashobora kuba afite agaciro karenga miliyari 5 cyangwa 6, bitewe n’uko hari imishinga itagaragara neza mu nyandiko za leta.

Ibi byose byerekana uburyo kubona imibare nyayo y’ubutunzi bwa Trump bisa n’ibidashoboka, kuko ibikorwa bye byinshi byibumbiye mu bigo by’umuryango (Trump Organization), kandi nta raporo rusange ihoraho ishyirwaho hanze nk’uko bigenda ku bigo biri ku isoko ry’imari.

Uburyo bwo guhisha imari n’amasezerano adasobanutse

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko imwe mu mpamvu zituma amafaranga y’umuryango wa Trump adasobanuka ari uburyo bakoresha amasezerano yihariye. Hari amasezerano y’ubukode, ubufatanye (partnerships) n’ubucuruzi bwo kwambika izina “Trump” ku bikorwa bya ba nyiri imitungo bandi.

Ibyo byose bituma bitoroha kumenya amafaranga yinjizwa koko n’aba Trump, kuko rimwe na rimwe amafaranga yinjizwa atari ayabo bwite, ahubwo ari ayo guhabwa uburenganzira bwo gukoresha izina “Trump.”

Uretse ibyo, hari n’imishinga ya cryptocurrency ifitanye isano n’uyu muryango, ikomeje kuzamura agaciro mu buryo budasanzwe. Ubushakashatsi bwa Accountable.US bwerekanye ko ibikorwa bya Trump bijyanye na crypto bishobora kugira agaciro karenga miliyari 3.3 USD, bikaba bigize hafi 70% by’umutungo wose bivugwa bafite muri iki gihe.

Ariko ibyo byose ntibishingira ku nyandiko zemewe n’inzego z’imari za Leta, bigatuma biba nk’amakuru y’imibare y’imbere mu muryango gusa.

Kuva Trump yabera Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hagati ya 2017 na 2021, ibintu byarushijeho kwivanga hagati y’ubucuruzi n’ubutegetsi. Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ubwo yinjiraga muri politiki, yagize amahirwe yo gukomeza gukoresha izina rye mu buryo bw’ubucuruzi, ndetse bikaba byaramuhesheje inyungu ziremereye.

Hari n’amakuru avuga ko ibikorwa bye by’ubucuruzi byakomeje gukura ubwo yari mu biro bya White House, birimo amahoteli n’ibibuga bya golf byakomeje kwakira abantu benshi bashishikajwe no “kugera aho Perezida ubwe akorera.”

Nyuma yo kuva ku butegetsi, yagarutse mu bucuruzi no mu bikorwa bya crypto — ibintu byongera kwibaza niba amafaranga ari kujya mu bikorwa bifatika cyangwa mu bikorwa bigamije kugaragaza gusa ko akiri umukire ukomeye.

Uretse ibyo, umuryango wa Trump ukomeje kugarukwaho mu manza zitandukanye, zirimo izirebana no kubeshya ku gaciro k’ibikorwa n’imikorere y’imari. Urubanza rwo muri leta ya New York ruvuga ko hari uburyo bakoresheje mu gutangaza agaciro k’ibikorwa mu buryo butari bwo, bigamije kubona inguzanyo cyangwa kugabanya imisoro.

Ibi bituma biba bitoroshye kumenya amafaranga barimo gukorera muri iki gihe, kuko usanga hari ibikorwa biri mu manza, abandi bashoramari batabifitemo icyizere, ndetse n’imitungo ishobora kuba ifite agaciro ku mpapuro gusa ariko idashobora kugurishwa vuba.

Kumenya amafaranga y’umuntu nk’uyu si ikibazo cy’ubw curiosity gusa. Trump ni umwe mu bantu bafite ijwi rikomeye mu bukungu n’ubutegetsi bwa Amerika, kandi agifite gahunda yo kongera kwiyamamaza. Kuba imari ye itagaragara neza bishobora kugira ingaruka ku cyizere cy’abatora, ku isoko ry’imari ndetse no ku buryo amahanga abona ubucuruzi bwa Amerika.

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ibi bintu bitwereka ikibazo gikomeye ku isi yose: uburyo bamwe mu bakire n’abayobozi bakuru bakomeza guhisha uburyo amafaranga yabo akorwa, akoreshejwe cyangwa ashorwa.

Mu gihe isi ikomeje gusaba ko habaho gucyemura ikibazo cy’ubusumbane mu bukungu, kuba hatari umucyo ku bantu bafite imari nyinshi nk’aba Trump bigaragaza ko urugendo rukiri rurerure.