Mu isi y’iki gihe, aho ikoranabuhanga ryamaze gufata buri ruhande rw’ubuzima, kubona umwana muto afite telefoni cyangwa tablet ntibikiri ikintu gitangaje. Ababyeyi benshi babona guha umwana telefoni nk’uburyo bwo kumuhumuriza, kumushimisha, cyangwa kumwigisha hakoreshejwe ama-apps y’abana. Ariko se, wari uziko iyo telefoni ushobora kuba uyifata nk’igikinisho, ku bwonko bw’umwana iba ari uburozi butuje?

Uko byatangiye: telefoni nk’igikinisho cy’abana

Muri sosiyete nyinshi, harimo n’u Rwanda, umwana utagira telefoni cyangwa tablet asa n’aho yasigaye inyuma. Ababyeyi benshi bakoresha uburyo bwo kuvuga bati “reka nyimuhe arebe cartoons, bimuruhure.” Ariko ubushakashatsi bw’inzobere mu by’imitekerereze (psychology) n’ubuzima bw’ubwonko (neuroscience) bwerekana ko gukoresha telefoni cyane mu bana bato bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’ubwonko bwabo, cyane cyane mu myaka itandatu ya mbere y’ubuzima.

Ubwonko bw’umwana muri iyo myaka buba bukura cyane, bushaka ibidukikije bifatika—nk’imikino isanzwe, kuganira n’abantu, kwiga mu buryo bw’amarangamutima n’amaso. Iyo ibyo bisimbujwe n’ikirahuri cya telefoni, ubwonko butangira kwiga ibintu mu buryo butari karemano. Ibi bituma ubushobozi bwo kwibanda, kwihangana, no gutekereza ku gitekerezo kimwe bimera nk’ibicika.

Uburozi butagaragara: dopamine n’ubwonko bushukwa

Iyo umwana arebye videwo zihinduka buri segonda, amajwi arimo impinduka n’amabara menshi, ubwonko bwe bukora ibintu bitameze nk’ibisanzwe. Burareka gutekereza cyane, bukajya bushingira ku dopamine — intungamubiri yo mu bwonko ifitanye isano no kuryoherwa n’ibintu. Iyo umwana akomeje kubona ibyo bis刺激 (stimulation) kenshi, ubwonko bwe busigara bushaka ibyishimo bihoraho, bityo bikagora umwana kwihangana, gusoma igitabo, cyangwa gukora ikintu gisaba gutekereza igihe kirekire.

Ni yo mpamvu usanga abana bamwe batabasha kumara iminota 10 bicaye nta kintu gikora, cyangwa bakarakara cyane iyo ubakuye kuri telefoni. Si uko ari “abashotorana”, ahubwo ni uko ubwonko bwabo bwaratojwe gusaba isukari y’ibyishimo itangwa n’iyo machine yitwa smartphone.

Ababyeyi nabo barimo kuyoba

Ikibazo cy’uburozi bw’ikoranabuhanga ntikiri ku bana gusa — ahubwo gitangira ku babyeyi ubwabo. Iyo umubyeyi ari mu kazi, cyangwa ari mu rugo afite ibyo arimo, guha umwana telefoni bigaragara nk’uburyo bworoshye bwo kumucisha amahoro. Nyamara ako kanya umwana atangira gusarurwa n’isi ya digital itamugenewe. Umubyeyi uba yoroheje, ariko umwana we aba yinjiye mu cyobo cy’imitekerereze cy’igihe kirekire.

Ikindi gikomeye ni uko abana biga cyane babinyujije mu kureba no kwigana ababyeyi babo. Iyo umubyeyi akoresha telefoni buri gihe, umwana we nawe abifata nk’ikintu gisanzwe kandi cy’ingenzi mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ni ho ikibazo gikura, kikazageza aho telefoni iba kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi kurusha imikino, inshuti, cyangwa ibitabo.

Uburyo bwo kubirwanya: si uguca telefoni burundu, ni ukuyicunga

Si ngombwa guhita uca telefoni burundu mu buzima bw’umwana. Ahubwo, inzobere mu burezi n’imitekerereze zemeza ko igikenewe ari ugushyiraho umurongo n’imipaka.

1. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 2 ntibakwiye gukoresha telefoni na gato, keretse mu bihe byihariye nk’igihe bari kureba video z’amasomo bari kumwe n’ababyeyi.

2. Abafite hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6 bashobora kuyikoresha iminota itarenga 30 ku munsi, ariko bakayikoresha mu buryo bufite inyigisho.

3. Abakuze kurushaho bagomba kwigishwa uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo buboneye: kwiga, gushakisha amakuru, no kumenya igihe cyo guhagarika.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwigisha abana gukoresha ikoranabuhanga si ukubabuza — ni ukubigisha uburyo bwo kubaho batabaye imbata yaryo.

Umwanzuro: telefoni si ikibazo, ni uko tuyikoresha

Ntitwavuga ko telefoni ari mbi mu buryo busesuye. Yafashije abantu kuganira, kwiga, no kubona amakuru menshi atigeze aboneka mbere. Ariko ku bana bato, uburyo bwo gukura bwabo busaba ibidukikije bifatika, imikino y’abana, n’ibiganiro n’abantu. Iyo ibyo bisimbujwe na ecran, ubwonko buba burimo kwangirika mu ibanga.

Nuko rero, mbere yo guha umwana wawe telefoni, ujye wibaze iki kibazo cyoroshye: “Ese ndashaka kumworoheza, cyangwa ndimo kumuha uburozi butuje bwo ku bwonko?”