Uyu munsi isi irimo kugira impinduka zihanganisha abantu bose, cyane cyane mu bukungu. Ibihugu bikomeye—Amerika, U Burayi, Ubushinwa—ni byo bigenzura byinshi ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Iyo hafashwe ibyemezo birebana n’ifaranga, ubucuruzi cyangwa imisoro, ingaruka ntizigarukira kuri ibyo bihugu gusa. Zihita zigera no ku bihugu biri kure, cyane cyane Afurika.

Ni yo mpamvu n’iyo waba uri mu gace gato ka Afurika hagati, aho ubuzima busanzwe butuje, impinduka zibera i Washington, London cyangwa Beijing zigira uruhare ku gaciro k’ifaranga ukoresha, ku biciro by’ibiribwa no ku mibereho ya buri munsi.

Ifaranga rya Amerika n’Ihindagurika ry’Isi

Ifaranga rya Amerika (USD) rifatwa nk’iry’ingenzi ku isi kuko rikoreshwa mu kugura ibicuruzwa byinshi mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Iyo Amerika izamuye inyungu za banki (interest rates), ibindi bihugu bihita bigira ibibazo mu buryo bubiri:

1. Amadovize arabura, kuko benshi bashaka kubitsa amafaranga yabo muri Amerika.

2. Ifaranga ry’ibihugu bikennye ritakaza agaciro, bigatuma ibyo bikenera kubitumiza hanze biba byinshi kurushaho.

Ibi biratuma mu bihugu bya Afurika ibiciro byiyongera, cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bidatunganyirizwa imbere mu gihugu. Ni yo mpamvu rimwe na rimwe ibiciro by’ifumbire, lisansi, imiti n’ibindi biba bihanitse no mu gihe nta mpinduka z’ubusanzwe zabaye mu gihugu.

Afurika Itumiza Byinshi Kurusha Ibyo Yohereza Hanze

Ubukungu bwa Afurika bufite ikibazo kimwe gikomeye: dukurikiza cyane ibyo dutumiza mu mahanga, mu gihe ibyo ducuruza hanze ari bike kandi bitagira agaciro kangana.

Dutumiza hanze:

• Ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe

• Imiti

• Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga

• Ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi

• Imodoka n’ibindi byinshi

Ariko ducuruza hanze cyane cyane:

• Ibiribwa bitunganyije gake

• Amabuye y’agaciro

• Ibikomoka ku buhinzi bikiri bibisi

Ibi bituma amafaranga yinjira mu gihugu aba make, ariko ayo dusohora akaba menshi. Iyo bibaye gutyo, ifaranga rita agaciro, ubuzima bugahenda, ni na ho abaturage batangira kumva ubuzima buba bugoye cyane.

Guhinduka kw’Isi si ibyago gusa: Ikoranabuhanga ryahinduye ibintu

Nubwo ibibazo by’ubukungu byiyongera, hari indi nzira ifungukiye cyane Abanyafurika: ikoranabuhanga. Ryafunguye imiryango itarigeze ibaho mu myaka yashize.

Ubu umuntu ashobora:

• Gutanga serivisi ku bihugu bitandukanye adahagurutse iwe

• Kugurisha ubumenyi bwe kuri internet

• Kubaka imishinga mito ishingiye ku buhanga aho kuba amafaranga

• Guhanga udushya two korohereza abantu ubuzima

Urugero: Abakora itangazamakuru rya internet, abatunganya amajwi n’amashusho, abandika, abacuruza kuri internet, abahanga bakora porogaramu, n’abandi. Aba bose bashobora kubona isoko ntakumirwa, mu gihe hambere byasabaga kumva ufite amafaranga menshi cyangwa amahirwe adasanzwe.

Ibi bituma nubwo ubukungu bw’Isi bushobora kubangamira abantu, hari indi nzira yo kurinda ubuzima kutanyeganyezwa.

Uko umuntu ku giti cye yakwitegura ubukungu buhindagurika

Nta gihugu na kimwe kidahura n’ibibazo by’ubukungu, ariko umuntu ku giti cye ashobora kwiga uburyo bwo kwiyubakira umusingi w’ubuzima utanyeganyezwa n’impinduka z’isi:

1. Kwiga ubumenyi bugezweho – By’umwihariko ubumenyi bukenera igitekerezo kirambye kurusha igishoro, nko gukora kuri mudasobwa, ubuvugizi, ubuhanzi bugezweho, ubwanditsi, ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi.

2. Kugabanya ibintu bidafite akamaro mu mibereho – Umuntu ugira uko akoresha amafaranga ye neza ahora afite umutekano kurusha uwitwara uko abyumvise.

3. Gushora mu mishinga mito itanga inyungu y’igihe kirekire – Nko gukora ubucuruzi butagoye, ibiribwa, serivisi z’itumanaho cyangwa ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga.

4. Kwigira ku bindi bihugu no guhanga udushya – Umuntu udashaka guhinduka ni we igihe gihindura mbere.

5. Kwigira mu bihe bikomeye – Mu bihe byose by’ubukungu, hari amahirwe ahisha. Abahanga baravuga ngo: “Mu bibazo ni ho abakire bashya bavukira.”

Isi irahinduka kandi ntizigera ihagarara guhinduka. Ariko guhinduka si ibibazo gusa ahubwo ni amahirwe no kwiyubaka. Afurika ifite icyerekezo n’amahirwe menshi kurusha uko byari bimeze imyaka ishize: ifite urubyiruko rwigenga, ikoranabuhanga ridahenze, n’imiryango mifungutse ku Isi yose.

Ubukungu bushobora kugusiga inyuma, ariko umuntu uhora yiteguye—ufata umwanya wo kwiga, gukora no gutekereza kure—ntazigera asubira inyuma.